Neurophysiological evidence of motor preparation in inner speech and the effect of content predictability.

Self-generated overt actions are preceded by a slow negativity as measured by electroencephalogram, which has been associated with motor preparation. Recent studies have shown that this neural activity is modulated by the predictability of action outcomes. It is unclear whether inner speech is also preceded by a motor-related negativity and influenced by the same factor.

Longitudinal bifactor modeling of anxiety, depression and schizotypy - The role of rumination as a shared mechanism.

A bifactor model with a general (p) factor reflecting shared variance and specific factors reflecting additional variance in individual symptoms has been introduced to explain common co-occurrence among anxiety, depression and schizotypy. However, longitudinal evidence is lacking and the validity of bifactor modeling is debatable. The current study aimed to examine the presence of the p factor together with specific factors in accounting for relationships between anxiety, depression and schizotypy both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and to investigate the relationship between these factors and rumination.