A fully automated measurement of migration percentage on ultrasound images in children with cerebral palsy.

Migration percentage (MP) is the gold standard to assess the severity of hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy, which is measured on anteroposterior hip radiographs. Recently, the ultrasound (US) method has been developed as a safe alternative imaging modality to image and monitor children's hips. However, measuring MP on US images (MP) is time-consuming, challenging, and user-dependent.

Robust guided wave inversion for estimating bone thickness and elasticity.

Accurately characterizing bone properties using quantitative ultrasound remains a significant challenge due to the dispersive nature of guided waves, limited observations, irregularity of bone structure, and heterogeneity of bone tissues. In this paper, an inversion technique is proposed that combines weighted mean absolute criteria and the simulated annealing algorithm to extract the thicknesses and elastic properties of a bilayer bone model. By utilizing the L1 norm with an appropriate weighting parameter, this method effectively reduces the influence of outliers and noises commonly encountered in ultrasonic data, leading to more accurate estimation.

DetSegDiff: A joint periodontal landmark detection and segmentation in intraoral ultrasound using edge-enhanced diffusion-based network.

Individuals with malocclusion require an orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan based on the severity of their condition. Assessing and monitoring changes in periodontal structures before, during, and after orthodontic procedures is crucial, and intraoral ultrasound (US) imaging has been shown a promising diagnostic tool in imaging periodontium. However, accurately delineating and analyzing periodontal structures in US videos is a challenging task for clinicians, as it is time-consuming and subject to interpretation errors.

Optimal configurations of an electromagnetic tracking system for 3D ultrasound imaging of pediatric hips - A phantom study.

Tracking the position and orientation of a two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound scanner to reconstruct a 3D volume is common, and its accuracy is important. In this study, a specific miniaturized electromagnetic (EM) tracking system was selected and integrated with a 2D ultrasound scanner, which was aimed to capture hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum configuration, including the distance between the EM source and sensor, to provide maximum accuracy.

Accuracy of intraoral ultrasound to evaluate alveolar bone level: an ex vivo study in human cadavers.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of an intraoral ultrasound (US) device to evaluate alveolar bone by comparing it between different raters and to microCT (µCT) measurements.

Methods: 38 teeth distributed across three human cadavers were prepared by placing two notches on the facial enamel surface. The maxillary and mandibular teeth were imaged with a custom-designed intraoral 20 MHz ultrasound and µCT with 0.

Intraoral Ultrasound Imaging Using a Rotational Transducer with Periodontal Feature Identification by Machine Learning.

Innovative intraoral ultrasound devices with smart artificial intelligence-based identification for dento-anatomy could provide crucial information for oral health diagnosis and treatment and shed light on real-time detection of developmental dentistry. However, the grand challenge is that the current ultrasound technologies are meant for external use due to their bulkiness and low frequency. We report a compact versatile ultrasound intraoral device that consists of a rotational probe head robustly pivoted around a hand-held and portable handle for real-time imaging of intraoral anatomy using high-frequency ultrasonography (up to 25 MHz).

Neural implicit surface reconstruction of freehand 3D ultrasound volume with geometric constraints.

Three-dimensional (3D) freehand ultrasound (US) is a widely used imaging modality that allows non-invasive imaging of medical anatomy without radiation exposure. Surface reconstruction of US volume is vital to acquire the accurate anatomical structures needed for modeling, registration, and visualization. However, traditional methods cannot produce a high-quality surface due to image noise.

Reliability and accuracy of scoliotic parameters on using a wireless handheld 3D ultrasound for children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a pilot study.

Purpose: To report the accuracy and reliability of Cobb angle (CA), axial vertebral rotation (AVR), kyphotic and lordotic angles (KA and LA) measurements on using a new 3D ultrasound (US) system.

Methods: Forty participants (34 F, 6 M, aged 14.0 ± 2.

Reliability and Accuracy of Ultrasound Measurement of Hip Displacement in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Objective: Hip migration percentage (MP) measured on anteroposterior pelvis radiographs is the gold standard to assess the severity of hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Repeated exposure of these children to ionizing radiation under a hip surveillance program is undesirable. Recently, a semi-automatic approach to measure MP on ultrasound (US) images was validated in a phantom study.

Unsupervised Learning-Based Measurement of Ultrasonic Axial Transmission Velocity in Neonatal Bone.

Objectives: To develop a robust algorithm for estimating ultrasonic axial transmission velocity from neonatal tibial bone, and to investigate the relationships between ultrasound velocity and neonatal anthropometric measurements as well as clinical biochemical markers of skeletal health.

Methods: This study presents an unsupervised learning approach for the automatic detection of first arrival time and estimation of ultrasonic velocity from axial transmission waveforms, which potentially indicates bone quality. The proposed method combines the ReliefF algorithm and fuzzy C-means clustering.

Ultrasonic mapping of midpalatal suture - An ex-vivo study.

Objective: Rapid maxillary expansion is a common orthodontic procedure to correct maxillary constriction. Assessing the midpalatal suture (MPS) expansion plays a crucial role in treatment planning to determine its effectiveness. The objectives of this preliminary investigation are to demonstrate a proof of concept that the palatal bone underlying the rugae can be clearly imaged by ultrasound (US) and the reconstructed axial view of the US image accurately maps the MPS patency.

The Protocol of Ultrasonic Backscatter Measurements of Musculoskeletal Properties.

This study aims to introduce the protocol for ultrasonic backscatter measurements of musculoskeletal properties based on a novel ultrasonic backscatter bone diagnostic (UBBD) instrument. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be adopted to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip, spine, legs and the whole body. The muscle and fat mass in the legs and the whole body can be also calculated by DXA body composition analysis.

The repeatability of periodontal imaging with intraoral ultrasound scanning.

Objective: Ultrasound is a non-invasive and low-cost diagnostic tool widely used in medicine. Recent studies have demonstrated that ultrasound imaging might have the potential to be used intraorally to assess the periodontium by comparing it to current imaging methods. This study aims to characterize the repeatability of intraoral periodontal ultrasound imaging.

Development of Automatic Assessment Framework for Spine Deformity Using Freehand 3-D Ultrasound Imaging System.

A 3-D ultrasound (US) imaging technique has been studied to facilitate the diagnosis of spinal deformity without radiation. The objective of this article is to propose an assessment framework to automatically estimate spinal deformity in US spine images. The proposed framework comprises four major components, a US spine image generator, a novel transformer-based lightweight spine detector network, an angle evaluator, and a 3-D modeler.

Measuring the alveolar bone level in adolescents: A comparison between ultrasound and cone beam computed tomography.

Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an imaging modality, which is used routinely in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning but delivers much higher radiation than conventional dental radiographs. Ultrasound is a noninvasive imaging method that creates an image without ionizing radiation.

Aim: To investigate the reliability of ultrasound and the agreement between ultrasound and CBCT in measuring the alveolar bone level (ABL) on the buccal/labial side of the incisors in adolescent orthodontic patients.

Ultrasound Imaging of Hip Displacement in Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Objective: An approach to estimation of hip displacement on ultrasound (US) images is described. Its accuracy is validated through numerical simulation, an in vitro study with 3-D-printed hip phantoms and pilot in vivo data.

Methods: A diagnostic index, migration percentage (MP), is defined by the ratio of acetabulum-femoral head distance to femoral head width.

Ultrasound Imaging of the Periodontium Complex: A Reliability Study.

Background: Ultrasonography is a noninvasive, low-cost diagnostic tool widely used in medicine. Recent studies have demonstrated that ultrasound imaging might have the potential to be used intraorally to assess periodontal biomarkers.

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of interlandmark distance measurements on intraoral ultrasound images of the periodontal tissues.

Estimating Crestal Thickness of Alveolar Bones on Intra-oral Ultrasonograms.

Objective: Alveolar crestal bone thickness and level provide important diagnostic and prognostic information for orthodontic treatment, periodontal disease management and dental implants. Ionizing radiation-free ultrasound has emerged as a promising clinical tool in imaging oral tissues. However, the ultrasound image is distorted when the wave speed of the tissue of interest is different from the mapping speed of the scanner and, therefore, the subsequent dimension measurements are not accurate.

Temporomandibular joint segmentation in MRI images using deep learning.

Objectives: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangements (ID) represent the most prevalent temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) in the population and its diagnosis typically relies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). TMJ articular discs in MRIs usually suffer from low resolution and contrast, and it is difficult to identify them. In this study, we applied two convolutional neural networks (CNN) to delineate mandibular condyle, articular eminence, and TMJ disc in MRI images.

Elastodynamic response of an orthotropic layered elastic half-space to time-harmonic loading.

The elastodynamics of an orthotropic half-space coated by a thin orthotropic layer is theoretically investigated in this article. We newly propose explicit expressions of free Rayleigh waves in a layered half-space that are dependent on only one unknown constant representing amplitude. The main contribution is on deriving, in a simple manner, the theoretical predictions of far-field Rayleigh wave motion arising from time-harmonic loads using elastodynamic reciprocity theorems.

Ultrasonic Through-Transmission Measurements of Human Musculoskeletal and Fat Properties.

The study described here was aimed at investigating the feasibility of using the ultrasonic through-transmission technique to estimate human musculoskeletal and fat properties. Five hundred eighty-two volunteers were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and ultrasonic transmission techniques. Bone mineral density (BMD), muscle and fat mass were measured for both legs and the whole body.

Ultrasonic Guided Waves in Bone: A Decade of Advancement in Review.

The use of guided wave ultrasonography as a means to assess cortical bone quality has been a significant practice in bone quantitative ultrasound for more than 20 years. In this article, the key developments within the technology of ultrasonic guided waves (UGW) in long bones during the past decade are documented. The covered topics include data acquisition configurations available for measuring bone guided waveforms, signal processing techniques applied to bone UGW, numerical modeling of ultrasonic wave propagation in cortical long bones, formulation of inverse approaches to extract bone properties from observed ultrasonic signals, and clinical studies to establish the technology's application and efficacy.