Characterizing the Toxicity and Dose-Effect Profile of Tramadol Ingestions in Children.

Objectives: Tramadol can cause life-threatening toxicity in overdose; however, data on its toxicity in children are lacking. This study investigates toxicity associated with tramadol ingestions in children. The hypothesis is that children will experience dose-related central nervous system and respiratory depression and seizures.

Causes of therapeutic errors in older adults: evaluation of National Poison Center data.

Objectives: To evaluate the reasons for unintentional therapeutic errors in older adults, the types of medications most frequently involved, and the medical outcomes related to these adverse drug events.

Design: Retrospective analysis of American Association of Poison Control Center's National Poison Data System (NPDS).

Setting: NPDS collects data from all U.

Amino acid repletion does not decrease muscle protein catabolism during hemodialysis.

Intradialytic protein catabolism is attributed to loss of amino acids in the dialysate. We investigated the effect of amino acid infusion during hemodialysis (HD) on muscle protein turnover and amino acid transport kinetics by using stable isotopes of phenylalanine, leucine, and lysine in eight patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Subjects were studied at baseline (pre-HD), 2 h of HD without amino acid infusion (HD-O), and 2 h of HD with amino acid infusion (HD+AA).