Home Administration of CVD 103-HgR: A Live Attenuated Oral Cholera Vaccine.

Vaccination is a well-established means for prevention and spread of disease in people traveling abroad. Although vaccines to diseases such as cholera are recommended by world health agencies, they are seldom required even when traveling to endemic regions. Consequences of noncompliance can affect traveler's health and spread diseases to new regions, as occurred in Haiti in 2010 when United Nations peacekeepers from Nepal, where a cholera outbreak was underway, introduced the disease to the region.

Revealing two dynamic dengue epidemic clusters in Thailand.

Background: Thailand is home to around 69 million individuals. Dengue is hyper-endemic and all 4 serotypes are in active circulation in the country. Dengue outbreaks occur almost annually within Thailand in at least one province but the spatio-temporal and environmental interface of these outbreaks has not been studied.

Impact of sars-cov-2 interventions on dengue transmission.

An estimated 105 million dengue infections occur per year across 120 countries, where traditional vector control is the primary control strategy to reduce contact between mosquito vectors and people. The ongoing sars-cov-2 pandemic has resulted in dramatic reductions in human mobility due to social distancing measures; the effects on vector-borne illnesses are not known. Here we examine the pre and post differences of dengue case counts in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, and estimate the effects of social distancing as a treatment effect whilst adjusting for temporal confounders.

Increased Dengue Transmissions in Singapore Attributable to SARS-CoV-2 Social Distancing Measures.

Social distancing (SD) measures aimed at curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 remain an important public health intervention. Little is known about the collateral impact of reduced mobility on the risk of other communicable diseases. We used differences in dengue case counts pre- and post implementation of SD measures and exploited heterogeneity in SD treatment effects among different age groups in Singapore to identify the spillover effects of SD measures.

Revealing regional disparities in the transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 from interventions in Southeast Asia.

SARS-CoV-2 is a new pathogen responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Southeast Asia was the first region to be affected outside China, and although COVID-19 cases have been reported in all countries of Southeast Asia, both the policies and epidemic trajectories differ substantially, potentially due to marked differences in social distancing measures that have been implemented by governments in the region. This paper studies the across-country relationships between social distancing and each population's response to policy, the subsequent effects of these responses to the transmissibility and epidemic trajectories of SARS-CoV-2.

Immunization with a Recombinant, Pseudomonas fluorescens-Expressed, Mutant Form of Bacillus anthracis-Derived Protective Antigen Protects Rabbits from Anthrax Infection.

Protective antigen (PA), one of the components of the anthrax toxin, is the major component of human anthrax vaccine (Biothrax). Human anthrax vaccines approved in the United States and Europe consist of an alum-adsorbed or precipitated (respectively) supernatant material derived from cultures of toxigenic, non-encapsulated strains of Bacillus anthracis. Approved vaccination schedules in humans with either of these vaccines requires several booster shots and occasionally causes adverse injection site reactions.

Reliable protein production in a Pseudomonas fluorescens expression system.

A bottleneck to product development can be reliable expression of active target protein. A wide array of recombinant proteins in development, including an ever growing number of non-natural proteins, is being expressed in a variety of expression systems. A Pseudomonas fluorescens expression platform has been developed specifically for recombinant protein production.

Soluble periplasmic production of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Cost-effective production of soluble recombinant protein in a bacterial system remains problematic with respect to expression levels and quality of the expressed target protein. These constraints have particular meaning today as "biosimilar" versions of innovator protein drugs are entering the clinic and the marketplace. A high throughput, parallel processing approach to expression strain engineering was used to evaluate soluble expression of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Transport of heterologous proteins to the periplasmic space of Pseudomonas fluorescens using a variety of native signal sequences.

Bacterial expression of recombinant proteins containing disulfide bonds is facilitated by transport of the proteins to the periplasmic space. Several Pseudomonas fluorescens signal sequences have been identified that efficiently direct proteins to the periplasm and provide solubility and yield advantages over the production of proteins fused to the PelB signal sequence in E. coli.

Safety evaluation of an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation derived from the archaeal order Thermococcales as expressed in Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar I.

BD5088 alpha-amylase derived from archaeal sources has characteristics of pH and temperature tolerance that are well suited to hydrolysis of starch in food processing applications. The production microorganism recipient strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar I, strain MB101, was avirulent after oral administration to mice and does not represent an infectious threat to humans. Repeated dose gavage studies with BD5088 enzyme preparation, up to 13 weeks in duration, showed no systemic toxicity due to the oral route with an NOAEL of 890 mg/kg/day as Total Organic Solids.