Low Risk of Clinically Important Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Who Tumble Down Stairs.

Background: Pediatric trauma management seeks to minimize head computed tomography (HCT) while capturing clinically important traumatic brain injuries (ciTBI). The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) system stratifies patients as high-, intermediate-, or low-risk for ciTBI. Although designed for free falls, we noted that PECARN criteria often are applied to tumbling down stairs (TDS), with steps estimated at 12", though TDS rarely appeared to result in ciTBI.

Simulations of sea urchin early development delineate the role of oriented cell division in the morula-to-blastula transition.

The sea urchin morula to blastula transition has long been thought to require oriented cell divisions and blastomere adherence to the enveloping hyaline layer. In a computer simulation model, cell divisions constrained by a surface plane division rule are adequate to effect morphological transition. The hyaline membrane acts as an enhancer but is not essential.

Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis With Vertebral Body Stapling.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Objectives: Identify the effectiveness of vertebral body stapling (VBS) in children with idiopathic scoliosis.

Summary Of Background Data: VBS has been proposed as an alternative to bracing moderate curves in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) although a clear picture of comparative efficacy and safety remains to be established.

Use of a Capture-Guidance Surgical Instrument to Minimize Muscle Stripping During Nuss Repair of Pectus Excavatum.

Pectus excavatum is an anomaly of chest wall development in which anterior ribs curve inward and the sternum is displaced toward the vertebral column. The Nuss procedure is a minimally invasive technique in which one or more metal bars are implanted to brace the sternum in a corrected position. Over time, the chest wall remodels into an anatomically corrected shape and the bar(s) are removed at a later date.

An Evidence-Based Approach to Management of Pectus Excavatum and Carinatum.

Pectus excavatum (PE) and pectus carinatum (PC) are the most common congenital chest wall anomalies. Current research suggests that PE and PC may result from overgrowth of the sternocostal cartilages. This can produce a deformation that displaces the sternum inward as in PE or outward as in PC.

Two decades of experience with thoracoscopic lobectomy in infants and children: standardizing techniques for advanced thoracoscopic surgery.

Objectives: This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of thoracoscopic lobectomy in infants and children.

Materials And Methods: From January 1994 to November 2013, 347 patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobe resection at two institutions. All procedures were performed by or under the direct guidance of a single surgeon.

Local cell interactions and self-amplifying individual cell ingression drive amniote gastrulation.

Gastrulation generates three layers of cells (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) from a single sheet, while large scale cell movements occur across the entire embryo. In amniote (reptiles, birds, mammals) embryos, the deep layers arise by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at a morphologically stable midline structure, the primitive streak (PS). We know very little about how these events are controlled or how the PS is maintained despite its continuously changing cellular composition.

Rectal perforation secondary to rape and fisting in a female adolescent.

We present the case of a 16-year-old girl who was sexually assaulted with transanal forearm penetration resulting in rectal perforation. She required a sigmoid colostomy that was later reversed. The patient's history and physical examination was complicated by multiple factors: she was intoxicated at the time of presentation as well as during the assault; her presentation fluctuated over time, she was obese, and she carried a psychiatric diagnosis.

Central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy in children.

Children requiring surgical intervention for pancreatic disease may be at risk long term for exocrine insufficiency and glucose intolerance. Pediatric surgeons must balance the need to perform adequate surgical resection while preserving as much normal pancreatic parenchyma as possible. Neoplasms of the middle pancreatic segment with low malignant potential and isolated trauma to the pancreatic body or neck represent 2 conditions where extensive pancreatic resection is unnecessary.

Computer simulation analysis of normal and abnormal development of the mammalian diaphragm.

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a birth defect with significant morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of diaphragm morphogenesis and the aberrations leading to CDH is limited. Although classical embryologists described the diaphragm as arising from the septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal folds (PPF), esophageal mesentery and body wall, animal studies suggest that the PPF is the major, if not sole, contributor to the muscular diaphragm.

Thymoma in Children: Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature.

Thymoma is an uncommon tumor of childhood. Stage of the tumor is an independent prognostic factor for survival. Surgery is the treatment of choice for stage I and stage II tumors.

Thymoma in children: report of two cases and review of literature.

Thymoma is an uncommon tumor of childhood. Stage of the tumor is an independent prognostic factor for survival. Surgery is the treatment of choice for stage I and stage II tumors.