The role of inhibitory processes in the relationship between subsyndromal PTSD symptoms and aggressive behaviour.

The issue of aggressive behaviours among military populations is important for a number of reasons, including the potential associated occupational, social and functional impacts. Controlled aggressive behaviour is an adaptive requirement of some military roles, however, this aggression can become maladaptive when uncontrolled, or contextually inappropriate. Elevated aggression among deployed veterans has been identified in a number of studies, although the reasons for it are not well understood.

Implementation of Multigene Germline and Parallel Somatic Genetic Testing in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: SIGNPOST Study.

We present findings of a cancer multidisciplinary-team (MDT) coordinated mainstreaming pathway of unselected 5-panel germline and parallel somatic testing in all women with epithelial-OC and highlight the discordance between germline and somatic testing strategies across two cancer centres. Patients were counselled and consented by a cancer MDT member. The uptake of parallel multi-gene germline and somatic testing was 97.

Assessing the Risks to Bats from Plant Protection Products: A Review of the Recent European Food Safety Authority Statement Regarding Toxicity and Exposure Routes.

Wild birds and mammals that feed in agricultural habitats are potentially exposed to pesticides through various routes. Until recently, it has been implicitly assumed that the existing European Union risk assessment scheme for birds and mammals also covered bats (Chiroptera). However, recent publications raised concerns and, in 2019, a scientific statement was published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) that concluded that bats were not adequately covered by the current risk assessment scheme.

B Part of It School Leaver Study: A Repeat Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Impact of Increasing Coverage With Meningococcal B (4CMenB) Vaccine on Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis.

Background: Recombinant protein-based vaccines targeting serogroup B meningococci protect against invasive disease but impacts on carriage are uncertain. This study assessed carriage prevalence of disease-associated meningococci in 2018-2020 as the proportion of vaccinated adolescents increased following introduction of a school-based 4CMenB immunization program.

Methods: Eligible participants who completed high school (aged 17-25) in South Australia in the previous year had an oropharyngeal swab taken and completed a risk factor questionnaire.

High Prevalence of Active Tuberculosis in Adults and Children with Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis as Compared with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tuberculosis Endemic Country: Retrospective Data Review from a Tertiary Care Centre in India.

Aim: Infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) with India being endemic for Tuberculosis (TB). We compared and contrasted the prevalence, clinical profile and outcomes of active TB in IIM with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Medical records were reviewed for adults and children with IIM (Bohan and Peter criteria) and SLE (ACR criteria) at a tertiary care hospital in India from January 2015 to October 2017.

Spectrum of Myelitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Experience from a Single Tertiary Care Centre over 25 Years.

Background: Inflammatory myelitis rarely occurs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Medical records from a tertiary care centre in India (1989-2018) were reviewed to identify patients with myelitis in SLE and their clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared with two matching comparators drawn from adjacent hospital registration numbers in the SLE database.

Results: Ten patients had myelitis from a cohort of 1768 patients with SLE.

Assessing methamphetamine-related cue reactivity in people with methamphetamine use disorder relative to controls.

Methamphetamine use disorder involves methamphetamine-related cues invoking intense craving leading to relapse. Such cue reactivity is thought to arise from Pavlovian conditioning that occurs during the drug-taking experience. Cue reactivity then should be selective to methamphetamine cues (and not other cues), and not observed in people who have never experienced methamphetamine.

Race, ethnicity, and emergency department post-overdose care.

Background: Emergency department (ED) visits for opioid-related overdoses continue to rise across the United States, particularly among Black, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaskan Native communities. A minority of people with opioid use disorder (OUD) engages in formal addiction treatment and there are racial disparities in treatment access. ED visits for opioid overdose are crucial opportunities to link individuals with OUD to harm reduction and treatment services.

Repeated, moderate footshock reduces the propensity to relapse to alcohol seeking in female, but not male, iP rats.

Persistent alcohol use despite negative consequences is a key feature of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and is typically assessed using punishment in animal models. This study examined relapse-like behavior in male and female alcohol-preferring iP rats following punishment-imposed voluntary abstinence to alcohol seeking. We focused on alcohol seeking in the punishment-associated environment after prolonged abstinence.

Prolonged cadmium exposure alters benign uterine fibroid cell behavior, extracellular matrix components, and TGFB signaling.

The heavy metal Cadmium (Cd), a widespread environmental contaminant, poses serious hazards to human health and is considered a metallohormone and carcinogen. In women with uterine fibroids, there is a significant association between blood Cd levels and increased fibroid tumor size. The aim of this study was to determine if benign human uterine leiomyoma (fibroid) cells could be malignantly transformed in vitro by continuous Cd exposure and, if so, explore a molecular mechanism by which this could occur.

Smart Electromagnetic Thermites: GO/rGO Nanoscale Thermite Composites with Thermally Switchable Microwave Ignitability.

This effort demonstrates the development of a novel, graphene oxide nanoscale thermite composite with thermally tunable microwave ignitability. A model thermite system containing nanoscale aluminum and nanoscale iron(II) oxide in a stoichiometric ratio (30/70 wt %) was combined with sheets of graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using an immiscible two-fluid sonication and tape casting process. The samples were microwave irradiated within a single-mode resonant microwave cavity to determine the microwave ignition delay.

Clinical spectrum of active tuberculosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Introduction: There is paucity of data on tuberculosis in Indian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We retrospectively studied clinical features and outcome of tuberculosis in SLE.

Methods: Medical records of patients who developed tuberculosis simultaneous or after the diagnosis of SLE were retrospectively reviewed.

Neurocognitive Measures of Self-blame and Risk Prediction Models of Recurrence in Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: Overgeneralized self-blaming emotions, such as self-disgust, are core symptoms of major depressive disorder and prompt specific actions (i.e., action tendencies), which are more functionally relevant than the emotions themselves.

Clinical characteristics, management practices, and outcomes among lung transplant patients with COVID-19.

Background: There are limited data on management strategies and outcomes among lung transplant (LT) patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We implemented management protocols based on the best available evidence and consensus among multidisciplinary teams. The current study reports our experience and outcomes using this protocol-based management strategy.

Chlamydial clinical isolates show subtle differences in persistence phenotypes and growth .

Urogenital infection is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection throughout the world. While progress has been made to better understand how type strains develop and respond to environmental stress , very few studies have examined how clinical isolates behave under similar conditions. Here, we examined the development and persistence phenotypes of several clinical isolates, to determine how similar they are to each other, and the type strain D/UW-3/Cx.

A four-year review of uterine rupture at a secondary health facility in Okitipupa, Southwest Nigeria.

Objectives: Uterine rupture in pregnancy is an obstetric emergency especially in developing countries associated with a significant increase in maternal plus perinatal mortality and morbidity. There is a need to identify the prevalence together with underlining factors which could guide effective intervention. Hence, the study aimed at determining the prevalence of uterine rupture, predisposing factors, management options plus clinical presentation at Secondary Health Facility in Okitipupa, South West Nigeria.

Predicting clinical outcome to specialist multimodal inpatient treatment in patients with treatment resistant depression.

Background: Treatment resistant depression (TRD) poses a significant clinical challenge, despite a range of efficacious specialist treatments. Accurately predicting response a priori may help to alleviate the burden of TRD. This study sought to determine whether outcome prediction can be achieved in a specialist inpatient setting.

Outcomes in gastroschisis: expectations in the postnatal period for simple vs complex gastroschisis.

Objective: To provide generalizable estimates for expected outcomes of simple gastroschisis (SG) and complex gastroschisis (CG) patients from a large multi-institutional cohort for use during counseling.

Study Design: A retrospective study of 394 neonates with gastroschisis at 11 children's hospitals from January 2013 to March 2017 was performed. Analysis by Fisher's exact tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were performed.

Mu-opioid receptors in septum mediate the development of behavioural sensitization to a single morphine exposure in male rats.

Behavioural sensitization (BS) is characterized by enhanced psychomotor responses to a dose of substance of abuse after prior repeated exposure. We previously reported that BS can be induced by a single injection of morphine in rats, whereas septal nuclei are specifically involved in the development phase of BS. Here, we demonstrated that intra-LS or intra-MS microinjections also incubated BS to a systemic morphine injection in a cross-sensitization fashion, whereas inactivation of either subdivision of septal nuclei (LS: lateral septum; MS: medial septum) can negate this ability of morphine.

Emergency Department Evaluation of Abdominal Pain in Female Adolescents.

Study Objective: Evaluation of acute abdominal pain in an adolescent female patient should include consideration of all potential sources of pain, including gynecologic etiologies. The goal of our study was to determine the frequency of evaluation of gynecologic causes of abdominal pain in adolescent girls seen in a pediatric emergency department.

Study Design: A retrospective review was performed of girls between 12 and 21 years of age presenting to the emergency department or urgent care centers at a single pediatric institution with the chief complaint of abdominal pain during 2016.

Brain-environment alignment during movie watching predicts fluid intelligence and affective function in adulthood.

BOLD fMRI studies have provided compelling evidence that the human brain demonstrates substantial moment-to-moment fluctuations in both activity and functional connectivity (FC) patterns. While the role of brain signal variability in fostering cognitive adaptation to ongoing environmental demands is well-documented, the relevance of moment-to-moment changes in FC patterns is still debated. Here, we adopt a graph theoretical approach in order to shed light on the cognitive-affective implications of FC variability and associated profiles of functional network communication in adulthood.