Maintenance of Genetic Diversity Despite Population Fluctuations in the Lesser Prairie-Chicken ().

Assessments of genetic diversity, structure, history, and effective population size ( ) are critical for the conservation of imperiled populations. The lesser prairie-chicken () has experienced declines due to habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation in addition to substantial population fluctuations with unknown effects on genetic diversity. Our objectives were to: (i) compare genetic diversity across three temporally discrete sampling periods (2002, 2007-2010, and 2013-2014) that are characterized by low or high population abundance; (ii) examine genetic diversity at lek and lek cluster spatial scales; (ii) identify potential bottlenecks and characterize genetic structure and relatedness; and (iii) estimate the regional .

Building Spatiotemporal Understanding of -Host Interactions.

Heterogeneity during (Mtb) infection greatly impacts disease outcome and complicates treatment. This heterogeneity encompasses many facets, spanning local differences in the host immune response to Mtb and the environment experienced by the bacterium, to nonuniformity in Mtb replication state. All of these facets are interlinked and each can affect Mtb susceptibility to antibiotic treatment.

A consensus on the definition of positive animal welfare.

The concept of animal welfare is evolving due to progress in our scientific understanding of animal biology and changing societal expectations. Animal welfare science has been primarily concerned with minimizing suffering, but there is growing interest in also promoting positive experiences, grouped under the term positive animal welfare (PAW). However, there are discrepancies in the use of the term PAW.

Drug delivery strategies for the treatment of relapse behavior in substance use disorder- A systematic review.

Substance use disorders (SUDs) pose a significant global health challenge, with relapse being a major obstacle in achieving successful treatment outcomes. In recent years, drug delivery strategies have emerged as promising tools to improve treatment efficacy and patient compliance in the context of SUD. Here we explore a diverse range of drug delivery strategies that have been investigated for addressing relapse behavior in SUD.

Acetabular orientation, pelvic shape, and the evolution of hominin bipedality.

Hominin pelvic form differs dramatically from that of other primates by having more laterally facing iliac blades, a wider sacrum, and a larger, transversely broad pelvic inlet. The orientation of the acetabulum may also differ, plausibly related to differences in load transmission during upright posture and habitual bipedal locomotion, which may, in turn, affect overall pelvic geometry. We compared acetabular orientation in humans, a phylogenetically broad sample of extant anthropoid primates, and fossil hominins including Australopithecus afarensis (A.

Modeling Vitamin D Fortification Scenarios for the Australian Population.

Background: Low vitamin D status (circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <50 nmol/L) is prevalent in Australia, and 95% of Australians have been estimated to have low vitamin D intake (mean range 1.8-3.2 μg/d).

Serious infections and tuberculosis adversely impact outcomes of juvenile onset systemic lupus erythematosus in India.

Background: Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We assessed the incidence and risk factors for major infections in juvenile SLE.

Methods: A retrospective review of 225 patients of juvenile SLE (ACR 1997 criteria) with age <18 years visiting the rheumatology clinic at a single centre between 2000 to 2020 was done from case records and the hospital electronic health records.

Localisation of the relaxin-family peptide 3 receptor to enteroendocrine cells of the intestine in RXFP3-Cre/tdTomato mice.

The relaxin-family peptide 3 receptor (RXFP3) and its native ligand, relaxin-3, are expressed in specific populations of brain neurons, and research on this system has focused on its role in the central nervous system. However, some studies have indicated that relaxin-3 and RXFP3 are also expressed in peripheral organs, including the gut. In this study, we characterised the identity of RXFP3-expressing cells in the gastrointestinal tract, using RXFP3-Cre/tdTomato reporter mice.

T and T measurements of the neonatal brain at 7 T.

Purpose: To determine the expected range of NMR relaxation times (T and T) in the neonatal brain at 7 T.

Methods: Data were acquired in a total of 40 examinations on infants in natural sleep. The cohort included 34 unique subjects with postmenstrual age range between 33 and 52 weeks and contained a mix of healthy individuals and those with clinical concerns.

Human papillomavirus genotype and cycle threshold value from self-samples and risk of high-grade cervical lesions: A post hoc analysis of a modified stepped-wedge implementation feasibility trial.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing of self-collected vaginal samples has potential to improve coverage of cervical screening programmes, but current guidelines mostly require those HPV positive on a self-sample to attend for routine screening.

Methods And Findings: A pragmatic modified stepped-wedge implementation feasibility trial was conducted at primary care practices in England. Individuals aged 25 to 64 years who were at least 6 months overdue for cervical screening could provide a self-collected sample.

Up versus down: Does cuff spine orientation affect early adherence to upper airway stimulation?

Purpose: Upper airway stimulation (UAS) is a treatment option for moderate-to-severe OSA, in which electrical stimulation is applied to the hypoglossal nerve via an electrode cuff. In this study, we assess the effect of electrode cuff positioning on UAS outcomes, in particular device adherence.

Methods: Patients at a single academic institution who met the Food and Drug Administration criteria for UAS between 2016 and 2021 were included.

Cross-species conserved miRNA as biomarker of radiation injury over a wide dose range using nonhuman primate model.

Multiple accidents in nuclear power plants and the growing concerns about the misuse of radiation exposure in warfare have called for the rapid determination of absorbed radiation doses (RDs). The latest findings about circulating microRNA (miRNAs) using several animal models revealed considerable promises, although translating this knowledge to clinics remains a major challenge. To address this issue, we randomly divided 36 nonhuman primates (NHPs) into six groups and exposed these groups to six different radiation doses ranging from 6.

Neutrophil prime unique transcriptional responses in intestinal organoids during infection with nontyphoidal serovars.

Nontyphoidal strains of are a major cause of foodborne illnesses, and infection with these bacteria results in inflammatory gastroenteritis. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), also known as neutrophils, are a dominant immune cell type found at the site of infection in infected individuals, but how they regulate infection outcome is not well understood. Here, we used a co-culture model of primary human PMNs and human intestinal organoids to probe the role of PMNs during infection with two of the most prevalent serovars: serovar Enteritidis and Typhimurium.

An Island of Reil excitation: Mapping glutamatergic (vGlut1+ and vGlut2+) connections in the medial insular cortex.

The insular cortex is a multifunctional and richly connected region of the cerebral cortex, critical in the neural integration of external stimuli and internal signals. Well-served for this role by a large network of afferent and efferent connections, the mouse insula can be simplified into an anterior, medial and posterior portion. Here we focus on the medial subregion, a once over-looked area that has gained recent attention for its involvement in an array of behaviours.

The roles of habitat isolation, landscape connectivity and host community in tick-borne pathogen ecology.

Habitat loss and forest fragmentation are often linked to increased pathogen transmission, but the extent to which habitat isolation and landscape connectivity affect disease dynamics through movement of disease vectors and reservoir hosts has not been well examined. Tick-borne diseases are the most prevalent vector-borne diseases in the United States and on the West Coast, is one of the most epidemiologically important vectors. We investigated the impacts of habitat fragmentation on pathogens transmitted by and sought to disentangle the effects of wildlife communities and landscape metrics predictive of pathogen diversity, prevalence and distribution.

Sex- and age-dependent impacts of nicotine and ethanol binge drinking on the brain: Insights from preclinical research.

Electronic cigarette use among adolescents is a growing concern, not only due to the high incidence of co-use with other substances, such as alcohol, but also due to the fact brain is still maturing during this period. Combined exposure to alcohol and nicotine leads to plastic adaptation of crucial circuits in the brain, which can contribute to the development of addiction. It is well established that nicotine exposure can facilitate alcohol binge drinking, and vice-versa, in a sex-, age- and exposure-dependent manner.

Dots in a murky sky.

A familiar joke in the astronomical world is that you can sleep through somebody's seminar or conference talk and still make the speaker sweat by nodding awake long enough to ask, "Have you considered the effects of dust?" The speaker likely will mutter, "Well, we realize of course that dust may well be important, but for now we have assumed that its effect on our observations is negligible." Ignoring dust, or the complexities of its effects, is a mistake astronomers have made many times. The field may be going through another cycle as it attempts to understand active galactic nuclei (AGN)-bright regions at the centers of galaxies that are thought to be powered by accretion of gas onto a supermassive black hole.

Assessing Vaccine Intentions, Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Trust: A Cross-Sectional Study on Perceptions of Monkeypox Vaccination and Public Health Risk Awareness in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

Introduction The global emergence of monkeypox has heightened public health concerns, particularly in regions with limited vaccine uptake. In Nigeria, understanding the factors influencing vaccination intentions is essential for developing effective public health strategies. Despite vaccine availability, hesitancy and varying degrees of acceptance persist, driven by factors such as self-efficacy, vaccine trust, and overall attitudes toward vaccination.

Socio-Demographic Factors Influencing Monkeypox Vaccination Intentions Among Healthcare Workers and the General Population of Makurdi, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Monkeypox, now known as mpox, is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) and is endemic to parts of Central and West Africa. Historically considered a regional health issue, mpox has gained global attention due to recent outbreaks in non-endemic regions. In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) following widespread transmission in countries where the virus had not been previously reported.

Opportunistic offering of self-sampling to non-attenders within the English cervical screening programme: a pragmatic, multicentre, implementation feasibility trial with randomly allocated cluster intervention start dates (YouScreen).

Background: Self-sampling has game-changing potential to tackle the declining participation and inequities seen in many organised cervical screening programmes. Wide variation in uptake between settings and mode of kit offer highlight the importance of local piloting. Furthermore, harnessing the benefits of self-sampling in real-world settings has been surprisingly challenging.

Thrombolysis exacerbates cerebrovascular injury after ischemic stroke via a VEGF-B dependent effect on adipose lipolysis.

Cerebrovascular injuries leading to edema and hemorrhage after ischemic stroke are common. The mechanisms underlying these events and how they are connected to known risk factors for poor outcome, like obesity and diabetes, is relatively unknown. Herein we demonstrate that increased adipose tissue lipolysis is a dominating risk factor for the development of a compromised cerebrovasculature in ischemic stroke.

Quasi-periodic X-ray eruptions years after a nearby tidal disruption event.

Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are luminous bursts of soft X-rays from the nuclei of galaxies, repeating on timescales of hours to weeks. The mechanism behind these rare systems is uncertain, but most theories involve accretion disks around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) undergoing instabilities or interacting with a stellar object in a close orbit. It has been suggested that this disk could be created when the SMBH disrupts a passing star, implying that many QPEs should be preceded by observable tidal disruption events (TDEs).