Misinformation and Readability of Social Media Content on Pediatric Ankyloglossia and Other Oral Ties.

Importance: Diagnosis of pediatric ankyloglossia and other oral ties is increasing in part due to social media, leading to more frenotomies and excess medicalization of often normal anatomy.

Objective: To assess the accuracy and readability of social media content on pediatric ankyloglossia and other oral ties.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cross-sectional study, the top 200 posts on an image-based social media platform tagged with #tonguetie, #liptie, or #buccaltie were collected using a de novo account on March 27, 2023.

Dysregulated airway epithelial antiviral immunity in Down Syndrome impairs type III IFN response and amplifies airway inflammation during RSV infection.

Trisomy 21 (TS21), also known as Down syndrome (DS), increases pediatric mortality risk from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by nine-fold, yet its underlying immunological basis remains unclear. Here, we investigated RSV-induced immunological responses in TS21 airway epithelial cells (AECs), the primary site of respiratory virus entry and host defense. TS21 AECs exhibit hyperactive interferon (IFN) signaling and reduced RSV infectivity, but they also show impaired type-III IFN responses during viral infection.

Multi-institutional Validation of the Interarytenoid Assessment Protocol for Pediatric Laryngeal Cleft.

Background: Current assessment techniques for determining whether a patient has normal interarytenoid anatomy, a deep interarytenoid notch, or a minor laryngeal cleft are highly variable. However, differentiating between these three entities is important, given it may distinguish whether a patient should be considered for surgical intervention. The Interarytenoid Assessment Protocol (IAAP) was developed to provide standardization of interarytenoid anatomy evaluations.

Decreased DNA density is a better indicator of a nuclear bleb than lamin B loss.

Nuclear blebs are herniations of the nucleus that occur in diseased nuclei that cause nuclear rupture leading to cellular dysfunction. Chromatin and lamins are two of the major structural components of the nucleus that maintain its shape and function, but their relative roles in nuclear blebbing remain elusive. To determine the composition of nuclear blebs, we compared the immunofluorescence intensity of DNA and lamin B in the main nucleus body to the nuclear bleb across cell types and perturbations.

Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Infant: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the improvement in respiratory parameters of infants with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treated with medical or surgical intervention.

Data Sources: A comprehensive review was completed using the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane libraries including articles published from 1975 to 2024.

Review Methods: Interventions studied included adenotonsillectomy, mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO), tongue/lip adhesion, partial glossectomy, floor-of-mouth release, supraglottoplasty, oral appliances, tracheostomy, and positioning.

Exploring Diversity in North American Academic Pediatric Otolaryngology.

Objective: Representation of women and minority groups is traditionally low in Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS). This cross-sectional study aims to assess the difference in gender and racial/ethnic representation within Academic North American pediatric OHNS.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study of North American pediatric OHNS faculty websites.

Gender differences in outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The extent to which gender affects outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine differential outcomes between genders following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) among CRS patients.

Methods: PubMed/Ovid, Embase and Cochrane databases were queried.

Retrospective analysis of radiological investigation of surgically excised head and neck lipomas.

Purpose: Differentiating benign lipomas from malignant causes is challenging and preoperative investigative guidelines are not well-defined. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively identify cases of head and neck lipomas that were surgically resected over a 5-year period and to identify the radiological modality chosen and features discussed in the final report. Multidisciplinary outcomes and pathology reports were examined with a view to identifying high risk features of a lipoma to aid in future risk stratification.

Alternative Therapies for Ankyloglossia-Associated Breastfeeding Challenges: A Systematic Review.

Ankyloglossia (AG) diagnoses are increasingly common, and management is not standardized. Nonsurgical alternative therapies are frequently recommended in conjunction with or instead of frenotomy, with uncertain evidence. To evaluate the efficacy of nonsurgical alternative therapies (chiropractic care, myofunctional therapy, and osteopathy) in improving breastfeeding for infants diagnosed with AG.

DNA density is a better indicator of a nuclear bleb than lamin B loss.

Nuclear blebs are herniations of the nucleus that occur in diseased nuclei that cause nuclear rupture leading to cellular dysfunction. Chromatin and lamins are two of the major structural components of the nucleus that maintain its shape and function, but their relative roles in nuclear blebbing remain elusive. Lamin B is reported to be lost in blebs by qualitative data while quantitative studies reveal a spectrum of lamin B levels in nuclear blebs dependent on perturbation and cell type.

Knowledge and attitudes surrounding breastfeeding in pediatric otolaryngology: A survey study.

Objective: This survey study seeks to understand the knowledge and attitudes of pediatric otolaryngologists around breastfeeding to potentially inform future educational efforts.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited 59 pediatric otolaryngologists from an international WhatsApp group comprising 213 members over a four-week period. Demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and experiences with breastfeeding were investigated using Likert scales.

Decannulation in Revision Pediatric Laryngotracheal Reconstruction.

Objectives: To evaluate how patient characteristics and surgical techniques influence the rate of and time to decannulation after pediatric revision laryngotracheal reconstruction.

Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort investigation of children with a history of laryngotracheal stenosis treated between 2008 and 2021 with revision open airway surgery. The primary outcome evaluated was decannulation.

Phenotypical Characterization of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Premature Infants using Polysomnography.

Objective: To use objective quantification of polysomnographic (PSG) parameters in premature infants to define the severity and nature of obstructions (partial hypopnea vs. total obstruction), along with the impact on sleep fragmentation and oxygenation patterns.

Methods: Retrospective comparison of PSG features in 207 infants (<12 months) referred for sleep disordered breathing.

Otolaryngology and the Pregnant Patient.

Importance: Pregnancy may result in physiologic and pathologic changes in the head and neck. Otolaryngologists may need to intervene medically or surgically with pregnant patients. Careful consideration of risks to both the gravid patient and the developing fetus is vital.

Heart rate during sleep in PTSD patients: Moderation by contact with a service dog.

There is growing interest in the potential health benefits of dog ownership in both the lay and scientific communities. Large reductions in risk for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in dog owners relative to non-owners have been observed in epidemiological samples. Persons diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder exhibit elevated risk for cardiovascular disease.

Lipid-Laden Macrophage Index as a Diagnostic Tool for Pediatric Aspiration: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Lipid-laden macrophage index (LLMI) has been proposed as a marker for aspiration on bronchoalveolar lavage. It has also been studied as a marker for gastroesophageal reflux and other pulmonary diseases. This review aims to determine the clinical correlation between LLMI and pediatric aspiration.

Characterizing the top-down sequencing of protein ions prior to mobility separation in a timsTOF.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics workflows of intact protein ions have increasingly been utilized to study biological systems. These workflows, however, frequently result in convoluted and difficult to analyze mass spectra. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a promising tool to overcome these limitations by separating ions by their mass- and size-to-charge ratios.

Down Syndrome for the Otolaryngologist: A Review.

Importance: There are many features of Down syndrome that prompt referral to an otolaryngologist. As the lifetime prevalence and life expectancy of individuals with Down syndrome increase, it is increasingly likely that otolaryngologists will have the opportunity to care for patients with Down syndrome.

Observations: A confluence of characteristics common to Down syndrome may be associated with issues in the head and neck, from infancy through adulthood.

Listening to a popular upbeat song can lead to more adaptive cognitive inferences for stressful events in non-clinical adult populations.

Objective: We tested the effect of music on idiographic cognitive inferences about stressful events.

Method: In Study 1 (n = 336), adult participants from the United States were randomly assigned to non-familiar songs that differed by lyrical content and tempo. In Studies 2 (n = 302) and 3 (n = 323), adult participants from the United States were randomly assigned to either a positive, neutral or no-song condition.