Are orofacial pain assessment tools for adults who cannot self-report pain suitable for dental practice? A scoping review.

Introduction: This study aims to identify and appraise orofacial pain assessment tools designed to score pain in adults who cannot self-report and rate their suitability for dental practice.

Methods: A protocolled systematic scoping review, in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute methods was completed. A development panel (n = 7) reviewed attributes of each tool for suitability for use in dental practice, using predefined criteria.

Remote highland city upends ideas of urbanism.

Drones and lidar uncover high-altitude Uzbek site, part of the medieval Silk Road trade.

Association of Daily Activities With Maternal-Child Bonding, Parenting Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Parenting Behaviors Among Survivors Living in an Intimate Partner Violence Shelter: A Daily Diary Study.

Following a traumatic event such as intimate partner violence (IPV), survivors often experience stress related to the violence. These high levels of stress related to IPV can be associated with the daily activities of survivors and their relationships with their children, such as maternal-child bonding. The purpose of the current study is to explore the relationship between daily activities, daily stress levels, parenting self-efficacy and behaviors, and maternal-child bonding among survivors living in an IPV shelter using an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methodology.

Echocardiographic and pathologic identification of an aorto-left atrial fistula secondary to infective endocarditis in a canine patient.

A dog was presented for lameness, fever, and extreme lethargy. On physical exam, a new heart murmur, arrhythmia, and joint effusion were detected. These findings were not detected two months prior.

Relating enhancer genetic variation across mammals to complex phenotypes using machine learning.

Protein-coding differences between species often fail to explain phenotypic diversity, suggesting the involvement of genomic elements that regulate gene expression such as enhancers. Identifying associations between enhancers and phenotypes is challenging because enhancer activity can be tissue-dependent and functionally conserved despite low sequence conservation. We developed the Tissue-Aware Conservation Inference Toolkit (TACIT) to associate candidate enhancers with species' phenotypes using predictions from machine learning models trained on specific tissues.

Leveraging Base Pair Mammalian Constraint to Understand Genetic Variation and Human Disease.

Although thousands of genomic regions have been associated with heritable human diseases, attempts to elucidate biological mechanisms are impeded by a general inability to discern which genomic positions are functionally important. Evolutionary constraint is a powerful predictor of function that is agnostic to cell type or disease mechanism. Here, single base phyloP scores from the whole genome alignment of 240 placental mammals identified 3.

Presenting Methodological Resilience for Conducting Research with Vulnerable Populations During Current and Future Pandemics: A Case Study with IPV Shelters and Survivors in the United States.

Purpose: In this brief report, we highlight the challenges that we experienced while attempting to conduct primary data collection with intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors living in an IPV emergency shelter throughout the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and our strategies to overcome them.

Method: In the summer of 2021, we began collecting data on a study investigating maternal-child bonding while living in IPV emergency shelters. We proposed a 14-day electronic daily diary methodology with follow-up semi-structured interview.

EnvR is a potent repressor of acrAB transcription in Salmonella.

Background: Resistance nodulation division (RND) family efflux pumps, including the major pump AcrAB-TolC, are important mediators of intrinsic and evolved antibiotic resistance. Expression of these pumps is carefully controlled by a network of regulators that respond to different environmental cues. EnvR is a TetR family transcriptional regulator encoded upstream of the RND efflux pump acrEF.

Machine learning sequence prioritization for cell type-specific enhancer design.

Recent discoveries of extreme cellular diversity in the brain warrant rapid development of technologies to access specific cell populations within heterogeneous tissue. Available approaches for engineering-targeted technologies for new neuron subtypes are low yield, involving intensive transgenic strain or virus screening. Here, we present Specific Nuclear-Anchored Independent Labeling (SNAIL), an improved virus-based strategy for cell labeling and nuclear isolation from heterogeneous tissue.

Inferring mammalian tissue-specific regulatory conservation by predicting tissue-specific differences in open chromatin.

Background: Evolutionary conservation is an invaluable tool for inferring functional significance in the genome, including regions that are crucial across many species and those that have undergone convergent evolution. Computational methods to test for sequence conservation are dominated by algorithms that examine the ability of one or more nucleotides to align across large evolutionary distances. While these nucleotide alignment-based approaches have proven powerful for protein-coding genes and some non-coding elements, they fail to capture conservation of many enhancers, distal regulatory elements that control spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression.

Chromatin accessibility and microRNA expression in nephron progenitor cells during kidney development.

Mammalian nephrons originate from a population of nephron progenitor cells, and changes in these cells' transcriptomes contribute to the cessation of nephrogenesis, an important determinant of nephron number. To characterize microRNA (miRNA) expression and identify putative cis-regulatory regions, we collected nephron progenitor cells from mouse kidneys at embryonic day 14.5 and postnatal day zero and assayed small RNA expression and transposase-accessible chromatin.

Encapsulating psychosis with a second language: A clinical case.

The percentage of individuals who are functionally bilingual in the United States has grown substantially in the last 3 to 4 decades. Nevertheless, bilingual mental health providers remain relatively scarce and bilingualism in psychosis or schizophreniaspectrum disorders remains relatively unexplored. Here, we present a clinical case study of a man with schizophrenia who presented his psychotic symptoms differently in his primary and secondary languages.

Addiction-Associated Genetic Variants Implicate Brain Cell Type- and Region-Specific Cis-Regulatory Elements in Addiction Neurobiology.

Recent large genome-wide association studies have identified multiple confident risk loci linked to addiction-associated behavioral traits. Most genetic variants linked to addiction-associated traits lie in noncoding regions of the genome, likely disrupting -regulatory element (CRE) function. CREs tend to be highly cell type-specific and may contribute to the functional development of the neural circuits underlying addiction.

Beyond Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Systems of Care Supporting Cardiac Arrest Patients.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of death and disability in the United States. Cardiac arrest centers (CAC) are necessary for the management of these critically ill and complex post arrest patients due to their specialized services and provider expertise. We report the case of a patient with OHCA and the systems of care involved in his resuscitation and recovery.

Exploring access to, use of and benefits from population-oriented digital health services in Australia.

The provision of population-oriented, on-demand digital health services in many countries exemplifies the perceived utility of digital health services in supporting population health. Yet, limited knowledge exists regarding the equity of these services. Using mixed-method research, we recruited users of a health website and general practice patients to surveys (n = 441) and telephone interviews (n = 40).

Cell Type-Specific Oxidative Stress Genomic Signatures in the Globus Pallidus of Dopamine-Depleted Mice.

Neuron subtype dysfunction is a key contributor to neurologic disease circuits, but identifying associated gene regulatory pathways is complicated by the molecular complexity of the brain. For example, parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neurons in the external globus pallidus (GPe) are critically involved in the motor deficits of dopamine-depleted mouse models of Parkinson's disease, where cell type-specific optogenetic stimulation of PV neurons over other neuron populations rescues locomotion. Despite the distinct roles these cell types play in the neural circuit, the molecular correlates remain unknown because of the difficulty of isolating rare neuron subtypes.

A preliminary study of intensivist-performed DVT ultrasound screening in trauma ICU patients (APSIT Study).

Background: Multiple screening Duplex ultrasound scans (DUS) are performed in trauma patients at high risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Intensive care physician performed compression ultrasound (IP-CUS) has shown promise as a diagnostic test for DVT in a non-trauma setting. Whether IP-CUS can be used as a screening test in trauma patients is unknown.

A Revised Understanding of Clostridioides difficile Spore Germination.

The dormant resistant spores of Clostridioides difficile are transformed into metabolically active cells through the process of germination. Spore germination in C. difficile is regulated by the detection of bile salt germinants and amino acid cogerminants by pseudoproteases CspC and CspA, respectively.

New Multidrug Efflux Inhibitors for Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Active efflux of antibiotics preventing their accumulation to toxic intracellular concentrations contributes to clinically relevant multidrug resistance. Inhibition of active efflux potentiates antibiotic activity, indicating that efflux inhibitors could be used in combination with antibiotics to reverse drug resistance. Expression of by serovar Typhimurium increases in response to efflux inhibition, irrespective of the mode of inhibition.