Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis of Spinal Longitudinal Epidural Collections in a Spontaneous Spinal Dural Breach and Successful Surgical Treatment.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is generally secondary to cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging is an important part of the diagnostic workup, especially to display spinal longitudinal epidural collections. Other causes of leaks include nerve root sleeve tear and cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula.

Long-term clinical and radiological results for fat graft obliteration in subtotal petrosectomy and cochlear implant surgery: a retrospective clinical study.

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical, radiological, and functional results for subtotal petrosectomy and cochlear implant surgery with closure of the external auditory canal and fat obliteration.

Methods: We retrospectively included all consecutive cases of simultaneous subtotal petrosectomy and cochlear implant surgery performed at a tertiary referral center between 2009 and 2016 using the same surgical technique. All patients underwent postoperative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and annual audiological assessments.

Elevation of brain ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and evolution after treatment: A pilot study.

Background: Thirty to 50% of HIV-infected patients develop HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) despite virological control. The previously published Neuro+3 study showed their neurocognitive status can be improved by intensifying antiviral therapy. Our study is a part of the Neuro3+ study and aims to study apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a biomarker for neurological improvement.

Central nervous system involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease: An observational cohort study.

Objective: CNS involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) leads to substantial morbidity and mortality. To assess CNS manifestations in a French cohort of 253 patients with ECD, we determined clinical characteristics and outcomes, including those under targeted therapies.

Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal study.

ASL perfusion in acute ischemic stroke: The value of CBF in outcome prediction.

Objective: The application of novel advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in clinical practice has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy in early detection of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), additionally allowing outcome prediction. The introduction of arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion sequence as a standard in MRI protocols is a significant milestone in neuroradiology. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the potential of ASL sequence for the detection of absolute (aCBF) and relative (rCBF) cerebral blood flow values for an ischemic area and to examine the correlation of the obtained values with the functional outcome of patients.

Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling shows high diagnostic performance in the detection of postoperative residual lesion in hyper-vascularised adult brain tumours.

Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the contribution of pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling (pCASL) in the detection of a postoperative residual lesion in adult brain tumours.

Methods: Seventy-five patients were prospectively included. Following the results of preoperative DSC-PWI assessment, intra-axial lesions, including high-grade gliomas (n = 43) and certain metastases (n = 14), were classified as hyper-vascular (HV+ group, n = 57); other lesions, including low-grade gliomas and certain metastases, were classified as non-hyper-vascular (HV- group, n = 18).

Brain MRI features and scoring of leukodystrophy in adult-onset Krabbe disease.

Objective: To perform a systematic analysis and scoring of brain MRI white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in adult-onset Krabbe disease.

Methods: We retrospectively collected basic clinical data and the first available brain MRI from patients with confirmed Krabbe disease with first clinical manifestations beyond 10 years of age. Data were obtained from our reference center for lysosomal diseases (n = 6) and from contacted authors of published articles describing patients with adult-onset Krabbe disease (n = 15).

Safety and Feasibility of Repeated and Transient Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption by Pulsed Ultrasound in Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma.

Purpose: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the efficacy of drug therapies for glioblastoma (GBM). Preclinical data indicate that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) can transiently disrupt the BBB and increase intracerebral drug concentrations.

Patients And Methods: A first-in-man, single-arm, single-center trial (NCT02253212) was initiated to investigate the transient disruption of the BBB in patients with recurrent GBM.

Bioactive glass granules for mastoid and epitympanic surgical obliteration: CT and MRI appearance.

Purpose: To evaluate the appearance of mastoid and epitympanic obliteration using S53P4 bioactive glass (BG) granules in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and MRI.

Materials And Methods: Patients undergoing mastoid and epitympanic obliteration between May 2013 and December 2015 were prospectively included in an uncontrolled clinical study. All patients underwent a temporal HRCT scan 1 year after surgery, aimed at evaluating the attenuation, homogeneity, and osseointegration of the BG granules, as well as the ventilation of the middle ear and the volume of the obliterated paratympanic spaces.

Specificities of arterial spin labeling (ASL) abnormalities in acute seizure.

Purpose: Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a non-invasive tool measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) and is useful to assess acute neurological deficit. While acute stroke presents as hypoperfused vascular territory, epileptic activity causes cortical hyperperfusion. Other neurological conditions exhibit hyperperfusion, like migraine or secondary "luxury perfusion" in strokes.

Muscular MRI-based algorithm to differentiate inherited myopathies presenting with spinal rigidity.

Objectives: Inherited myopathies are major causes of muscle atrophy and are often characterized by rigid spine syndrome, a clinical feature designating patients with early spinal contractures. We aim to present a decision algorithm based on muscular whole body magnetic resonance imaging (mWB-MRI) as a unique tool to orientate the diagnosis of each inherited myopathy long before the genetically confirmed diagnosis.

Methods: This multicentre retrospective study enrolled 79 patients from referral centres in France, Brazil and Chile.