Natural xanthones as modulators of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and potential gastroprotective agents.

Oxidative stress is implicated in the initiation, pathogenesis, and progression of various gastric inflammatory diseases (GID). The prevalence of these diseases remains a concern along with the increasing risks of adverse effects in current clinical interventions. Hence, new gastroprotective agents capable of inhibiting oxidative stress by modulating cellular defense systems such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway are critically needed to address these issues.

Synthesis of benzylated amine-substituted xanthone derivatives and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Oxidative stress and its constant companion, inflammation, play a critical part in the pathogenesis of many acute and chronic illnesses. The discovery of new multi-targeted drug candidates with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties is deemed necessary. Thus, a series of novel xanthone derivatives with halogenated benzyl (4b-4d, 4f-4h) and methoxylated benzyl groups (4e) attached to the butoxy amine substituent were synthesized in this study.

3,3'',4,4''-Tetra-meth-oxy-1,1':4',1''-terphen-yl.

The title mol-ecule, C(22)H(22)O(4), is centrosymmetric with an inversion centre located at the centre of the benzene ring. The 3,4-dimeth-oxy-benzene fragment is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.400 (2) Å] and twisted relative to the central benzene ring, forming a dihedral angle of 21.