Becoming a "Hungry Mind": Stability and Change in Need for Cognition across Adolescence.

Need for Cognition has been established as a key intellectual investment trait shaping students' academic development. However, little is yet known about its malleability, particularly in youth. This study investigated stability and change in Need for Cognition in a large longitudinal sample of 3409 adolescents from 166 classes in 27 schools in Flanders.

A Theoretical Framework for the Development of Need for Cognition in Childhood and Adolescence.

Extensive research has highlighted the importance of Need for Cognition (NFC) in various contexts, but our understanding of its development remains limited. In particular, the current psychological literature is relatively silent regarding the factors influencing NFC development. We aim to address this gap by proposing a developmental model of NFC based on the principles of the Cognitive Adaptation Trait Theory (CATT).

Fostering excellence: Nurturing motivation and performance among high- and average-ability students through need-supportive teaching.

When students with high cognitive abilities disengage from school, this implies a severe loss of talent to students themselves and to society. Hence, it is important to understand how teachers can prevent disengagement and underachievement in high-ability students. Whereas a large body of research has demonstrated that need-supportive teaching (i.

Peer Influences on (Dis)Engagement in Early Adolescence: the Role of Friendship, Social Status, and Academic Status.

Academic engagement in adolescence is shaped by influences from the peer environment, yet the types of peers impacting engagement remain unclear. This study explores the roles of friends, popular students, and intelligent students in shaping peers' behavioral and emotional (dis)engagement. Data were analyzed from 3409 Flemish eighth-grade students (M = 13.

High Cognitive Ability and Mental Health: Findings from a Large Community Sample of Adolescents.

Whereas it has sometimes been asserted that the intellectually gifted would be more prone to develop mental health problems, empirical studies generally do not seem to support such claims. However, much of the available research has relied on preselected samples, introducing risks for sample selection bias. This study scrutinized the relationship between intellectual giftedness (defined as high cognitive ability) and mental health in a large, non-selective sample of early adolescents ( = 3409; 49.

When Insecure Self-Worth Drains Students' Energy: Academic Contingent Self-Esteem and Parents' and Teachers' Perceived Conditional Regard as Predictors of School Burnout.

Whereas both the family and school environment have been suggested to affect school burnout risks, the role of conditionally regarding parenting or teaching, in which affection is granted conditional on student achievement, in the development of school burnout has not yet been examined. This longitudinal study investigated students' academic contingent self-esteem and parental and teacher conditional regard as antecedents of school burnout. The study sample consisted of Flemish early adolescents (n = 3409; M = 12.

Towards consensus on visual pursuit and visual fixation in patients with disorders of consciousness. A Delphi study.

Background: The aim of this Delphi study was to reach consensus about definition, operationalization and assessment of visual pursuit (VP) and visual fixation (VF).

Methods: In a three-round international Delphi study, clinical and research experts on disorders of consciousness indicated their level of agreement on 87 statements using a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus for agreement was defined by a median of 5, an interquartile range (IQR) ≤ 1, and ≥ 80% indicating moderate or strong agreement.

Peer Effects on Engagement and Disengagement: Differential Contributions From Friends, Popular Peers, and the Entire Class.

School engagement and disengagement are important predictors of school success that are grounded in the social context of the classroom. This study used multilevel analysis to examine the contributions of the descriptive norms of friends, popular students and classmates regarding engagement and disengagement to the development of Students' own behavioral and emotional engagement and disengagement among Flemish 7th-graders ( = 3,409). Moderating effects of Students' self-esteem and cognitive ability were examined.

Profiles of maladaptive school motivation among high-ability adolescents: A person-centered exploration of the motivational Pathways to Underachievement model.

Introduction: The Pathways to Underachievement model (PUM; Snyder & Linnenbrink-Garcia, 2013) is a person-oriented framework identifying two distinct patterns of self- and value beliefs that help explain underachievement among cognitively highly able students. This framework was developed to clear up inconclusive findings from variable-centered underachievement research, but has not been previously empirically tested.

Methods: The present study aimed to test the PUM by investigating (a) whether the predicted motivational profiles are evident among a sample of high-ability students (IQ ≥ 120) beginning secondary school in Flanders, Belgium (N = 403, M = 12.

The prevalence and determinants of inappropriate sexual behaviour in people with acquired brain injury in nursing homes.

Aims: Establishing the prevalence of inappropriate sexual behaviour, concurrent challenging behaviours and the determinants of inappropriate sexual behaviour among patients with acquired brain injury ≤65 years of age in Dutch nursing homes.

Design: Cross-sectional, observational study in acquired brain injury special care units spreads throughout the country.

Methods: Nursing homes were recruited through the national expertise network for patients with severe acquired brain injury, regional brain injury teams and by searching the Internet.

Is intelligence related to perfectionism? Multidimensional perfectionism and parental antecedents among adolescents across varying levels of cognitive ability.

Objective: Although intellectually gifted individuals are often portrayed as perfectionists, evidence for an association between cognitive ability and perfectionism is inconclusive. This study investigates the relations between cognitive ability and two distinct dimensions of perfectionism and addresses the role of parental antecedents of perfectionism in adolescents at different levels of cognitive ability.

Method: In a community sample of 3,168 adolescents and their parents, cognitive ability was assessed and perfectionism levels and parenting practices were surveyed.

The Prevalence and Determinants of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in People With Acquired Brain Injury in Nursing Homes.

Objectives: Establishing the prevalence and determinants of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) in nursing homes.

Design: Cross-sectional, observational study.

Setting And Participants: Patients 18-65 years old with ABI in special care units in Dutch nursing homes.

Social Acceptance of High-Ability Youth: Multiple Perspectives and Contextual Influences.

Peer relationships form a key developmental context. The current study investigated differences in peer acceptance between high-ability and average-ability youth, from the perspectives of teachers, peers, and students. Relying on the person-group similarity model, we also tested whether high-ability students' acceptance would depend on the peer group's mean ability level.

The patient with severe traumatic brain injury: clinical decision-making: the first 60 min and beyond.

Purpose Of Review: There is an urgent need to discuss the uncertainties and paradoxes in clinical decision-making after severe traumatic brain injury (s-TBI). This could improve transparency, reduce variability of practice and enhance shared decision-making with proxies.

Recent Findings: Clinical decision-making on initiation, continuation and discontinuation of medical treatment may encompass substantial consequences as well as lead to presumed patient benefits.

Prevalence and characteristics of neuropsychiatric symptoms, quality of life and psychotropics in people with acquired brain injury in long-term care.

Aim: Establishing the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), quality of life and psychotropic drug use in people aged ≤65 years with acquired brain injury in nursing homes.

Design: Cross-sectional, observational study among patients aged 18-≤65 years with acquired brain injury admitted to special care units in Dutch nursing homes.

Methods: According to the Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects in January 2017 this study did not require ethics approval.

Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychotropic drug use in patients with acquired brain injury in long-term care: a systematic review.

Objective: Little is known about the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and psychotropic drug use (PDU) in patients below the age of 65 years with acquired brain injury (ABI) in long-term care. The objective of this study was to review the literature about the prevalence of NPS and PDU.

Methods: A systematic literature search of English, Dutch and German articles in Pubmed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL was performed with the use of MeSH and free-text terms.