The Public Health Crisis Conceptual Model: Historical Application to the World's First Nuclear Bomb Test.

Background/purpose: The Public Health Crisis Conceptual Model was developed to identify and address healthcare and human services needs related to a disaster. The purpose of this study was to historically apply this model to the counties and populations most affected by the first nuclear test in 1945, with a focus on community and local priorities, and to further describe this model and validate its usefulness. If the model had been applied in 1945, what might have been different with respect to research, epidemiological studies, and reparations?

Methods: A historical, descriptive case study approach was used, with a focus on community and local priorities.

Teaching health disparities on the road: An experiential educational intervention for doctor of nursing practice students.

Aim: This analysis was conducted to understand the nuanced and underlying benefits and challenges of an experiential educational intervention for DNP students learning how neighborhoods and health disparities may be related.

Background: Poor social and environmental conditions in many low-income urban neighborhoods are linked to deleterious health outcomes. Many of the structural and political influences are unknown to health providers, which can inhibit their understanding of the social effects on health.

Nurse practitioner low-value care ordering practices: an integrative review.

Objectives: Low-value care (LVC) health services are unsupported by current evidence, are associated with harmful patient outcomes, and equate to more than $100 billion in wasteful spending annually. Nurse practitioner (NP) LVC ordering practices among adult patients in outpatient settings are described and compared with those of other health care clinicians. Factors impacting NP ordering practices are also explored.

Is Arthroscopic Meniscectomy Associated With an Increased Risk of Total Knee Arthroplasty for Claimants in the Workers' Compensation System? A 10-Year Study of Workers' Compensation Claims From a Large Nationwide Workers' Compensation Insurance Carrier.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a commonly performed knee surgery and prior arthroscopic meniscectomy (AM) has been linked to an increased risk of TKA in the general population.

Objective: To study the relationship between AM and TKA among injured workers whose medical care is paid for under workers' compensation (WC).

Method: A total of 17,247 lost-time claims depicting all arthroscopic knee surgical procedures performed from 2007 to 2017 were followed to the end of 2022 and analyzed.

Precision modulation of dysbiotic adult microbiomes with a human-milk-derived synbiotic reshapes gut microbial composition and metabolites.

Manipulation of the gut microbiome using live biotherapeutic products shows promise for clinical applications but remains challenging to achieve. Here, we induced dysbiosis in 56 healthy volunteers using antibiotics to test a synbiotic comprising the infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis), and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs).

Fast and easy synthesis of silver, copper, and bimetallic nanoparticles on cellulose paper assisted by ultrasound.

This work focuses on a systematic method to produce Ag, Cu, and Ag/Cu metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) in situ assisted with ultrasound on cellulose paper. By tuning the concentration of AgNO and CuSO salt precursors and ultrasound time, combined with a fixed concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) as a reducing agent, it was possible to control the size, morphology, and polydispersity of the resulting MNPs on cellulose papers. Notably, high yield and low polydispersity of MNPs and bimetallic nanoparticles are achieved by increasing the sonication time on paper samples pre-treated with salt precursors before reduction with AA.

Dose Escalations Among Workers' Compensation Claimants Using Opioid Medications-An 8 Year Postinjury Follow up Study.

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the morphine equivalent dose in milligrams (MED)/day escalation trend after initial utilization.

Methods: A total of 25,108 lost time claims filed between 1998 and 2007 were followed for 8 years from injury date. Claims were stratified by initial MED/day at 3 months after injury into four groups (0, 1 to < 15, 15 to < 30, and ≥30 MED/day).

Healthcare Impacts Associated with Federally Declared Disasters-Hurricanes Gustave and Ike.

People impacted by disasters may have adverse non-communicable disease health effects associated with the disaster. This research examined the independent and joint impacts of federally declared disasters on the diagnosis of hypertension (HTN), diabetes (DM), anxiety, and medication changes 6 months before and after a disaster. Patients seen in zip codes that received a federal disaster declaration for Hurricanes Gustave or Ike in 2008 and who had electronic health records captured by MarketScan were analyzed.

Marked Decreases in Time Lost From Work Among COVID-19 Claimants During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An Observational Study of Claims Filed at a Nationwide US Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier.

Objective: To explore the long-term persistence of COVID-19-related impairment and the ability to work after the acute phase of the illness.

Method: The 19,101 COVID-19 workers' compensation claims filed between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, with follow-up to May 31, 2022, were analyzed.

Results: The average time lost from work decreased from 77 days in the first quarter of 2020 to 9.

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based protocol to measure drug accumulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its host cell.

The extent to which a drug accumulates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and its host cell can affect treatment efficacy. We describe protocols measuring drug accumulation in Mtb, macrophages, and Mtb-infected macrophages. The method leverages drug extraction from the cellular lysate and drug-level quantification by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Analysis of trends in nurse practitioner billing for emergency medical services: 2015-2018.

Study Objective: Despite projections of an oversupply of residency-trained emergency medicine physicians by 2030 and amidst intensifying national debate over Nurse Practitioner (NP) qualifications to practice independently and unsupervised, NPs are increasingly staffing Emergency Departments (EDs) as hospitals seek to contain costs while simultaneously expanding services. We sought to characterize NP practice in the ED by examining NP independent billing by level of severity of illness, and relationship to practice authority, State Medicaid expansion status, and rurality.

Methods: Medicare provider utilization and payment data between 2015-2018 was used to explore NP billing as compared to five other clinician provider types for common emergency services acuity codes (CPT codes 99281-99285) to determine services billed for levels of severity of illness and trends over time.

EyeVolve, a modular PYTHON based model for simulating developmental eye type diversification.

Vision is among the oldest and arguably most important sensory modalities for animals to interact with their external environment. Although many different eye types exist within the animal kingdom, mounting evidence indicates that the genetic networks required for visual system formation and function are relatively well conserved between species. This raises the question as to how common developmental programs are modified in functionally different eye types.

Early Drug Prescription Patterns as Predictors of Final Workers Compensation Claim Costs and Closure: An Updated Analysis on an Expanded Cohort.

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the associations of workers' compensation claim costs and return to work with drugs prescribed for early symptom management.

Methods: Claims filed from 1998 to 2007 were followed for 10 years from the injury date. Drugs analyzed included gabapentin, pregabalin, antipsychotics, antidepressants, sedatives, benzodiazepines, carisoprodol, and opioids, controlling for initial reserve, sex, age, physical therapy, attorney involvement, and surgery.

Spatial relationships of intra-lesion heterogeneity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis microenvironment, replication status, and drug efficacy.

A hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is the marked heterogeneity that exists, spanning lesion type differences to microenvironment changes as infection progresses. A mechanistic understanding of how this heterogeneity affects Mtb growth and treatment efficacy necessitates single bacterium level studies in the context of intact host tissue architecture; however, such an evaluation has been technically challenging. Here, we exploit fluorescent reporter Mtb strains and the C3HeB/FeJ murine model in an integrated imaging approach to study microenvironment heterogeneity within a single lesion in situ, and analyze how these differences relate to non-uniformity in Mtb replication state, activity, and drug efficacy.

Attributes of Long Duration COVID-19 Workers' Compensation Claims.

Objective: To examine the attributes associated with long duration COVID- 19 workers' compensation (WC) claims.

Methods: A study was conducted on 13,153 COVID-19 WC claims accepted by a workers' compensation insurance carrier between January 1, 2020 and November 30, 2021.

Results: 1) Ninety-five percent of accepted WC claims were closed within the study period; 2) five percent of claims had 30 days or longer of lost time accounting for 65% of total paid WC costs; 3) medical costs increased 8-fold once paid days lost crossed the threshold of 60 days or greater; 4) age was the strongest risk factor associated with increased WC costs and prolonged impairment.

In vivo commensal control of Clostridioides difficile virulence.

Leveraging systems biology approaches, we illustrate how metabolically distinct species of Clostridia protect against or worsen Clostridioides difficile infection in mice by modulating the pathogen's colonization, growth, and virulence to impact host survival. Gnotobiotic mice colonized with the amino acid fermenter Paraclostridium bifermentans survive infection with reduced disease severity, while mice colonized with the butyrate-producer, Clostridium sardiniense, succumb more rapidly. Systematic in vivo analyses revealed how each commensal alters the gut-nutrient environment to modulate the pathogen's metabolism, gene regulatory networks, and toxin production.

Trends in the Utilization and Dose of Gabapentinoids in Combination With Opioids in an Injured Worker Population Between 2008 and 2018.

Objective: To determine long term (11 year) trends in gabapentin and pregabalin prescribing among workers' compensation claimants at various opioid dose combinations (low, medium, high, and very high) in Louisiana.

Method: A longitudinal study of 18,737 claimants who filled any prescriptions between 2008 and 2018.

Results: The proportion of claimants prescribed opioids alone at all dose levels decreased dramatically.

Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis response to environmental cues for the development of effective antitubercular drugs.

Sensing and response to environmental cues, such as pH and chloride (Cl-), is critical in enabling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) colonization of its host. Utilizing a fluorescent reporter Mtb strain in a chemical screen, we have identified compounds that dysregulate Mtb response to high Cl- levels, with a subset of the hits also inhibiting Mtb growth in host macrophages. Structure-activity relationship studies on the hit compound "C6," or 2-(4-((2-(ethylthio)pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzo[d]oxazole, demonstrated a correlation between compound perturbation of Mtb Cl- response and inhibition of bacterial growth in macrophages.

Alignment of Nurse Practitioner Educational Preparation and Scope of Practice in United States Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Introduction: National debate persists surrounding the expanded use of nurse practitioners in the emergency department. Current understanding of the alignment of nurse practitioner educational preparation and practice parameters in United States emergency departments is inchoate. The objective of this review was to seek evidence to support that nurse practitioner education and training align with current practices in the emergency department.

Sex Differences in the Physiological Network of Healthy Young Subjects.

Within human physiology, systemic interactions couple physiological variables to maintain homeostasis. These interactions change according to health status and are modified by factors such as age and sex. For several physiological processes, sex-based distinctions in normal physiology are present and defined in isolation.

Prevention, Medical Management, and Adjudication of Workplace Injuries: A Thirty-Two Year Follow-up of an Integrated Workers' Compensation Program.

Objective: To describe the cost outcomes of an integrated workers' compensation program.

Methods: We studied a population that increased from 20K to 59K, incurring 8807 lost-time claims between 1988 and 2020.

Results: Lost-time claims decreased from 22.

What Industrial Categories Are Workers at Excess Risk of Filing a COVID-19 Workers' Compensation Claim? A Study Conducted in 11 Midwestern US States.

Objective: Determine the industries with the highest proportion of accepted COVID-19 related workers' compensation (WC) claims.

Methods: Study included 21,336 WC claims (1898 COVID-19 and 19,438 other claims) that were filed between January 1, 2020 and August 31, 2020 from 11 states in the Midwest United States.

Result: The overwhelming proportion of all COVID-19 related WC claims submitted and accepted were from healthcare workers (83.

Specialised wound care clinics in Spain: distribution and characteristics.

Objective: To determine the number of specialised wound care units/clinics (SWCUs) in Spain, at present, and to describe their most important characteristics.

Method: This was an observational study with a descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional, multicentre approach, where the studied population consisted of SWCUs in Spain. A specific data-collection questionnaire was designed using a modified Delphi method, consisting of four rounds, with the collaboration of 10 wound experts.