Radioresistant malignant myoepithelioma of the breast with high level of ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein.

Malignant myoepithelioma of the breast (MMB) is a rare and often aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Little is known regarding its optimal treatment and progression. We describe the clinical history of a woman following excision of a benign adenomyoepithelioma which recurred years later as a radioresistant malignant myoepithelioma with high levels of ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein and mutant p53 (Cys135Phe).

Functional role for senataxin, defective in ataxia oculomotor apraxia type 2, in transcriptional regulation.

Ataxia oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia and oculomotor apraxia. The gene mutated in AOA2, SETX, encodes senataxin, a putative DNA/RNA helicase which shares high homology to the yeast Sen1p protein and has been shown to play a role in the response to oxidative stress. To investigate further the function of senataxin, we identified novel senataxin-interacting proteins, the majority of which are involved in transcription and RNA processing, including RNA polymerase II.

Crystal structure of textilinin-1, a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor from the venom of the Australian common brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis).

Textilinin-1 is a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor isolated from the venom of the Australian common brown snake, Pseudonaja textilis. This molecule binds to and blocks the activity of a range of serine proteases, including plasmin and trypsin. Textilinin-1's ability to inhibit plasmin, a protease involved in fibrinolysis, has raised the possibility that it could be used as an alternative to aprotinin (Trasylol) as a systemic antibleeding agent in surgery.

Human RAD50 deficiency in a Nijmegen breakage syndrome-like disorder.

The MRE11/RAD50/NBN (MRN) complex plays a key role in recognizing and signaling DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Hypomorphic mutations in NBN (previously known as NBS1) and MRE11A give rise to the autosomal-recessive diseases Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) and ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder (ATLD), respectively. To date, no disease due to RAD50 deficiency has been described.

Venom factor V from the common brown snake escapes hemostatic regulation through procoagulant adaptations.

Venomous snakes produce an array of toxic compounds, including procoagulants to defend themselves and incapacitate prey. The Australian snake Pseudonaja textilis has a venom-derived prothrombin activator homologous to coagulation factors V (FV) and Xa (FXa). Here we show that the FV component (pt-FV) has unique biologic properties that subvert the normal regulatory restraints intended to restrict an unregulated procoagulant response.

Acute glaucoma secondary to angle obstruction by triamcinolone crystals.

Purpose: To present a case of acute glaucoma secondary to massive transit of triamcinolone acetonide into the anterior chamber in a pseudophakic, vitrectomized eye following intravitreal injection for treatment of cystoid macular edema.

Setting: Manchester Royal Eye Hospital.

Method: Case study.

Phylogeny of the tribe Indigofereae (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae): Geographically structured more in succulent-rich and temperate settings than in grass-rich environments.

This analysis goes beyond many phylogenies in exploring how phylogenetic structure imposed by morphology, ecology, and geography reveals useful evolutionary data. A comprehensive range of such diversity is evaluated within tribe Indigofereae and outgroups from sister tribes. A combined data set of 321 taxa (over one-third of the tribe) by 80 morphological characters, 833 aligned nuclear ribosomal ITS/5.

New genomic structure for prostate cancer specific gene PCA3 within BMCC1: implications for prostate cancer detection and progression.

Background: The prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3/DD3) gene is a highly specific biomarker upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). In order to understand the importance of PCA3 in PCa we investigated the organization and evolution of the PCA3 gene locus.

Methods/principal Findings: We have employed cDNA synthesis, RTPCR and DNA sequencing to identify 4 new transcription start sites, 4 polyadenylation sites and 2 new differentially spliced exons in an extended form of PCA3.

Textilinin-1, an alternative anti-bleeding agent to aprotinin: Importance of plasmin inhibition in controlling blood loss.

Aprotinin has been used widely in surgery as an anti-bleeding agent but is associated with a number of side effects. We report that textilinin-1, a serine protease inhibitor from Pseudonaja textilis venom with sequence relatedness to aprotinin, is a potent but reversible plasmin inhibitor and has a narrower range of protease inhibition compared to aprotinin. Like aprotinin, textilinin-1 at 5 micromol/l gave almost complete inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator-induced fibrinolysis of whole blood clots.

Development of an instrument to measure the quality of documented nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes: the Q-DIO.

Aims And Objectives: This paper aims to report the development stages of an audit instrument to assess standardised nursing language. Because research-based instruments were not available, the instrument Quality of documentation of nursing Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes (Q-DIO) was developed.

Background: Standardised nursing language such as nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes are being implemented worldwide and will be crucial for the electronic health record.

Rapid effects of marine reserves via larval dispersal.

Marine reserves have been advocated worldwide as conservation and fishery management tools. It is argued that they can protect ecosystems and also benefit fisheries via density-dependent spillover of adults and enhanced larval dispersal into fishing areas. However, while evidence has shown that marine reserves can meet conservation targets, their effects on fisheries are less understood.

Common evolution of waprin and kunitz-like toxin families in Australian venomous snakes.

The venoms of Australian snakes contain a myriad of pharmacologically active toxin components. This study describes the identification and comparative analysis of two distinct toxin families, the kunitztype serine protease inhibitors and waprins, and demonstrates a previously unknown evolutionary link between the two. Multiple cDNA and full-length gene isoforms were cloned and shown to be composed of three exons separated by two introns.

[Quality of nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes: criteria and operationalization of the measurement instrument Q-DIO].

Financial, legal and professional demands require the nursing profession to render its contribution to patient care transparent. Due to the lack of research-based tools, the instrument Quality of Nursing Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes (Q-DIO) was developed. The aims of this article are to describe the criteria and the operationalisation of an instrument to measure the quality of documented nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, and nursing outcomes; and to present the instrument.

Ataxia-telangiectasia: from a rare disorder to a paradigm for cell signalling and cancer.

First described over 80 years ago, ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) was defined as a clinical entity 50 years ago. Although not encountered by most clinicians, it is a paradigm for cancer predisposition and neurodegenerative disorders and has a central role in our understanding of the DNA-damage response, signal transduction and cell-cycle control. The discovery of the protein A-T mutated (ATM) that is deficient in A-T paved the way for rapid progress on understanding how ATM functions with a host of other proteins to protect against genome instability and reduce the risk of cancer and other pathologies.

Implementing nursing diagnostics effectively: cluster randomized trial.

Aim: This paper is a report of a study to investigate the effect of guided clinical reasoning. This method was chosen as a follow-up educational measure (refresher) after initial implementation of standardized language.

Background: Research has demonstrated nurses' need for education in diagnostic reasoning to state and document accurate nursing diagnoses, and to choose effective nursing interventions to attain favourable patient outcomes.

Injectable simvastatin in periodontal defects and alveolar ridges: pilot studies.

Background: Topical injection of simvastatin in methylcellulose gel was shown to stimulate bone growth and inflammation over mouse calvaria and in rat mandible models. The purpose of these pilot studies was to evaluate the potential of locally injected simvastatin in human-sized periodontal defects.

Methods: Chronic periodontal defects were created bilaterally in seven 1-year-old beagle dogs: 3-walled intrabony defects distal of the mandibular second premolar and mesial of the fourth premolar and Class II furcation defects at the buccal furcation of the mandibular first molars.

Identification of claudin-4 as a marker highly overexpressed in both primary and metastatic prostate cancer.

In the quest for markers of expression and progression for prostate cancer (PCa), the majority of studies have focussed on molecular data exclusively from primary tumours. Although expression in metastases is inferred, a lack of correlation with secondary tumours potentially limits their applicability diagnostically and therapeutically. Molecular targets were identified by examining expression profiles of prostate cell lines using cDNA microarrays.

Functional and computational assessment of missense variants in the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene: mutations with increased cancer risk.

The functional consequences of missense variants are often difficult to predict. This becomes especially relevant when DNA sequence changes are used to determine a diagnosis or prognosis. To analyze the consequences of 12 missense variants in patients with mild forms of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), we employed site-directed mutagenesis of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) cDNA followed by stable transfections into a single A-T cell line to isolate the effects of each allele on the cellular phenotype.

Brief: nursing diagnostic applications derived from National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) draft guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus.

This brief indicates how methods used by the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) in the development of its guidelines and recommendation for the laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus may be applied to advance nomenclature, clinical practice, and research development within nursing. Specifically, human response diagnoses require the identification of accurate tests to confirm or reject the diagnoses. Each test needs to be described in terms of its use, rationale, analytical, and emerging considerations.

Defective responses to DNA single- and double-strand breaks in spinocerebellar ataxia.

Failure to maintain the integrity of DNA/chromatin can result in genome instability and an increased risk of cancer. The description of a number of human genetic disorders characterised not only by cancer predisposition but by a broader phenotype including neurodegeneration suggests that maintaining genome stability is also important for preserving post-mitotic neurons. The identification of genes associated with other neurodegenerative disorders provides further evidence for the importance of DNA damage response and DNA repair genes in protecting against neurodegeneration.

A novel rat model for glioblastoma multiforme using a bioluminescent F98 cell line.

In experimental neuro-oncology there remains a need for animal models that can be used to assess the efficacy of new and innovative treatment methodologies for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Rat models have remained the mainstay of neuro-oncology research for over 30 years; however, despite extensive experimentation, there is no one rat model that truly reflects the features of human tumours. We have developed a novel rat brain tumour model that closely resembles human GBM in biological behaviour and that utilizes bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to follow day-to-day in vivo progress of the tumour.

[Nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes--application and impact on nursing practice: a systematic literature review].

The aim of this paper is to report a systematic literature review on the outcomes of nursing diagnostics. Specifically, it examines effects on documentation of assessment quality; frequency, accuracy and completeness of nursing diagnoses; and on coherence between nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes. Escalating health care costs demand the measurement of nursing's contribution to care.