Management of refractory rectal variceal bleed using computed tomography.

The management of refractory rectal variceal bleed using a minimally invasive percutaneous approach is described. Rectal varices are portosystemic collaterals that arise as a complication of portal hypertension. Bleeding is less common from rectal varices than from esophageal varices, but it is potentially life-threatening.

Boldine protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.

Sustained liver injuries predominantly promote oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD), including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Boldine, an alkaloid isolated from Peumus boldus, has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Currently, there is no definitive treatment option available for CLD.

Organosulfur Compound Identified from Striga angustifolia (D. Don) C.J. Saldanha Inhibits Lung Cancer Growth and Induces Apoptosis via p53/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

The Striga angustifolia (D. Don) C.J.

Chemo-structural diversity of anti-obesity compound database.

Nature plays a major role in the development of new drugs which helps in preventing and treating human diseases. Anti-obesity compound database (AOCD) contains comprehensive information on all published small molecules from natural sources with anti-obesity potential targeting pancreatic lipase (PL), appetite suppressant (AS) and adipogenesis (AD). Presently the database contains 349 compounds isolated from 307 plants, 26 marine and 16 microbial sources.

Adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation among antenatal mothers attending a tertiary care center, Puducherry: A mixed-methods study.

Background: Iron-deficiency anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem despite the efforts taken by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for the past five decades. Adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) is the key factor for the prevention and management of nutrition anemia.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the adherence to its associated factors and to explore the reasons for the non-adherenc among pregnant women attending a tertiary care center.

Periorbital and Mediastinal Emphysema after Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Case Report of a Rare Complication.

Purpose: To report a rare case of periorbital emphysema concurrent with cervicofacial and mediastinal emphysema in an elderly woman who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for chronic liver disease.

Case Report: An elderly woman with decompensated chronic liver disease presented with features of periorbital, facial, and mediastinal emphysema, characterized with crepitant swelling over the right periorbital area, face, neck, and mediastinum after undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. There was no history of trauma or Valsalva maneuver.

Rituximab: A Magic Bullet for Pemphigus.

Introduction: Pemphigus, an autoimmune disease, was fatal before the era of corticosteroids. With the advent of steroids, mortality decreased but morbidity was present due to the side effects of high dose steroids. Newer drugs targeted at the molecular level are said to have fewer side effects and improved effectiveness.

Blastoid Variant of Mantle Cell Lymphoma with Leukemic Presentation - A Rare Case Report.

Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is a type of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and has a wide spectrum of histopathological subtypes of which the blastoid or the blastic variant constitutes 10-15% of all cases. It is difficult to diagnose blastoid variant of MCL on the basis of morphology alone as it mimics lymphoblastic lymphoma and centroblastic large cell lymphoma, hence additional analysis like immunophenotyping and molecular studies aid in its diagnosis. We present a case of 45-year-old male who presented to medicine OPD with chief complaints of fever, fatigability and inguinal swelling.

A Molecular Docking and Dynamics Approach to Screen Potent Inhibitors Against Fosfomycin Resistant Enzyme in Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae, BA6753 was cultured from a patient in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Christian Medical College. K. pneumoniae, BA6753 has a multidrug resistance plasmid encoding novel FosA variant-7, fosfomycin resistance enzyme.

Ethyl 4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-pentenoate from Vetiveria zizanioides Inhibits Dengue NS2B-NS3 Protease and Prevents Viral Assembly: A Computational Molecular Dynamics and Docking Study.

Around 50 % of the world's population is at the risk of dengue, a viral infection. Presently, there are not many drugs and prophylactic measures available to control dengue viral infection, and hence, there is an urgent need to develop effective antidengue compound from natural sources. In the current study, we explored the antiviral properties of the medicinal plant Vetiveria zizanioides against dengue virus.

Computational analysis reveal inhibitory action of nimbin against dengue viral envelope protein.

Dengue has emerged to be global health problem worldwide. Hence there is an immediate need to adopt new strategies in the development of effective anti-dengue drugs. Extracts from the leaves of Azadirachta indica has been traditionally used in folk medicine for viral infections.

Investigations on the role of CH…O interactions and its impact on stability and specificity of penicillin binding proteins.

Penicillin binding proteins are recognized as important antibacterial targets because of their crucial role in the cell wall synthesis of bacteria. Alteration in the binding site of penicillin binding proteins is one of the major problems for beta lactam antibiotics to exert its effect. In the present study the influence of CH…O interactions in the conformational stability of penicillin binding proteins were analyzed in both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.

A Molecular Docking and Dynamics Study to Screen Potent Anti-Staphylococcal Compounds Against Ceftaroline Resistant MRSA.

World Health Organization reports that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the origin of higher proportion of hospital acquired infections. In order to combat the effect of MRSA infection, an ideal drug should stimulate the allosteric exposure of active site, prompting penicillin binding proteins (PBP2a) to bind with that particular compound. Ceftaroline shows high binding affinity towards PBP2a and also confers resistance against degrading enzymes.

Regioselective synthesis of 2-chloroquinoline based ethyl 4-(3- hydroxyphenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3- carboxylates and their in-silico evaluation against P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase.

The reaction of various substituted 2, 4-dichloroquinolines with ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)- 2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate was carried out in the presence of K2CO3 as a mild and efficient base at controlled temperature leading to novel 2-chloroquinoline based polyhydroquinoline with high regioselectivity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, NMR, Mass spectral data and then subjected to an in-silico analysis against P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase.

Computational analysis of N-H⋯π interactions and its impact on the structural stability of β-lactamases.

Studies on intra-protein interactions provide valuable information on protein conformation. The aim of our study is to explore the functional importance of residues participating in N-H⋯π hydrogen bonds in maintaining the conformational stability of β-lactamases. Our results show that most of the residues participating in N-H⋯π hydrogen bond formation are functionally important and play a significant role in stabilizing the structure with more than one stabilizing region.

In silico study on Penicillin derivatives and Cephalosporins for upper respiratory tract bacterial pathogens.

Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract: nose, sinuses, tonsils and pharynx. URT infections are caused mainly by pathogenic bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. Conventionally, β-lactam antibiotics are used to treat URT infections.

Flavonoid from Carica papaya inhibits NS2B-NS3 protease and prevents Dengue 2 viral assembly.

Unlabelled: Dengue virus belongs to the virus family Flaviviridae. Dengue hemorrhagic disease caused by dengue virus is a public health problem worldwide. The viral non structural 2B and 3 (NS2B-NS3) protease complex is crucial for virus replication and hence, it is considered to be a good anti-viral target.

Molecular dynamics and molecular docking studies on E166A point mutant, R274N/R276N double mutant, and E166A/R274N/R276N triple mutant forms of class A β-lactamases.

Bacterial resistance to β-lactams antibiotics is a serious threat to human health. The most common cause of resistance to the β-lactams is the production of β-lactamase that inactivates β-lactams. Specifically, class A extended-spectrum β-lactamase produced by antibiotic resistant bacteria is capable of hydrolyzing extended-spectrum Cephalosporins and Monobactams.

Influence of C-H...O interactions on the structural stability of β-lactamases.

β-Lactamases produced by pathogenic bacteria cleave β-lactam antibiotics and render them ineffective. Understanding the principles that govern the structural stability of β-lactamases requires elucidation of the nature of the interactions that are involved in stabilization. In the present study, we systematically analyze the influence of CH.

6-(4-Methyl-phen-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-di-amine-benzoic acid (1/1).

The benzoic acid mol-ecule of the title adduct, C10H11N5·C7H6O2, is approximately planar, with a dihedral angle of 7.2 (3)° between the carb-oxy-lic acid group and the benzene ring. In the triazine mol-ecule, the plane of the triazine ring makes a dihedral angle of 28.

Aromatic-aromatic interactions: analysis of π-π interactions in interleukins and TNF proteins.

Aromatic-aromatic hydrogen bonds are important in many areas of chemistry, biology and materials science. In this study we have analyzed the roles played by the π-π interactions in interleukins (ILs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) proteins. Majority of π-π interacting residues are conserved in ILs and TNF proteins.

Non-canonical H-bonds in β-lactamases: importance of C-H···π interactions.

β-Lactamase production is the common mechanism of resistance of β-lactam antibiotics. Knowledge of inter-residue interactions in protein structures increases our understanding of protein structure and stability. We have systematically analysed the contribution of C-H···π interactions to the stability of β-lactamases.

Arginine and Lysine interactions with π residues in metalloproteins.

Metalloproteins have many different functions in cells such as enzymes; signal transduction, transport and storage proteins. About one third of all proteins require metals to carry out their functions. In the present study we have analyzed the roles played by Arg and Lys (cationic side chains) interactions with π (Phe, Tyr or Trp) residues and their role in the structural stability of metalloproteins.

Cation-π interactions in β-lactamases: the role in structural stability.

β-lactam group of antibiotics is the most widely used therapeutic molecules for treating bacterial infections. The main mode of bacterial resistance to β-lactams is by β-lactamases. In the present study, we report our results on the role of cation-π interactions in β-lactamases and their environmental preferences.