Access to Services for Pregnant People With Opioid Use Disorder in Jails in the United States.

The aim of this study was to assess the availability of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and other services for pregnant people in jails in counties heavily impacted by opioid overdose in the United States. Counties were selected based on absolute number and population rate of opioid-overdose fatalities. Structured interviews were completed with representatives from 174 jails that house pregnant women.

Availability of best practices for opioid use disorder in jails and related training and resource needs: findings from a national interview study of jails in heavily impacted counties in the U.S.

Background: Jails are optimal settings in which to screen individuals for opioid use disorders (OUD) and provide needed services, especially medications for OUD (MOUD). This study sought to assess the availability of OUD "best practices" in jails located in counties heavily impacted by opioid overdose in the U.S.

Microbial Control of the Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Using Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) by the Means of an Autodissemination Device.

The FraxiProtec, an autodissemination device loaded with the fungus Beauveria bassiana isolate CFL-A, was tested in the field to evaluate its potential to infect emerald ash borer adults and reduce their populations. During the 2-yr experimental period, the dispersion of B. bassiana-infected adults was also documented to assess the dissemination capacity of the biocontrol agent beyond the treated areas.

Gut microbiome of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, and its relationship with insect population density.

The gut microbial communities of beetles play crucial roles in their adaptive capacities. Environmental factors such as temperature or nutrition naturally affect the insect microbiome, but a shift in local conditions like the population density on a host tree could also lead to changes in the microbiota. The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an exotic wood borer that causes environmental and economic damage to ash trees in North America.

Assessment of the Systems Approach for the Phytosanitary Treatment of Wood Infested With Wood-Boring Insects.

Addressing the risk from pests present in wood and wood products destined for international trade is an essential step towards minimizing the movement, introduction and establishment of invasive species. One method of managing the pest risk associated with wood commodities is the use of a systems approach that incorporates multiple independent measures applied along a production pathway. However, quantifying the reduction of risk can be difficult because the approach requires raw material infested with the pest of interest at a sufficient density to be able to quantify changes in pest abundance.

Horizontal Transmission of the Entomopathogenic Fungal Isolate INRS-242 of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae).

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an invasive and destructive beetle that causes extensive damage to ash trees in North America. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin is considered as an effective biological control agent for EAB adult populations. Using an autodissemination device with a fungal isolate of B.

Gendered effects of pay for performance among family physicians for chronic disease care: an economic evaluation in a context of universal health coverage.

Background: Despite increasing popularity among health organizations of pay for performance (P4P) for the provision of comprehensive care for chronic non-communicable diseases, evidence of its effectiveness in improving health system outcomes is weak. An important void in the evidence base is whether there are gendered differences in P4P uptake and in related outcomes amenable to healthcare improvement. This study assesses the gender-specific effects of P4P among family physicians on diabetes healthcare costs in a context of universal health coverage.

Effects of Pay-for-Performance for Primary Care Physicians on Preventable Diabetes-Related Hospitalization Costs Among Adults in New Brunswick, Canada: A Quasiexperimental Evaluation.

Objectives: In New Brunswick, Canada, 13.6% of the population 35 years of age and older is living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. To address public health and clinical challenges, pay-for-performance (P4P) for family physicians was introduced in 2010 to enable comprehensive diabetes management.

Specific plasma oxylipins increase the odds of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease.

Oxylipins and fatty acids may be novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. The objective was to determine if plasma oxylipins or fatty acids can influence the odds of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events. In 98 patients (25 female, 73 male) with peripheral artery disease, the prevalence of transient ischemic attacks, cerebrovascular accidents, stable angina, and acute coronary syndrome was n = 16, 10, 16, and 24, respectively.

Ruminant and industrial trans-fatty acid uptake in the heart.

Dietary trans-fats are strongly associated with heart disease. However, the capacity for the tissues of the body, and specifically the heart, to take up trans-fats is unknown. It is also unknown if different trans-fats have different uptake capacities in the heart and other tissues of the body.

A randomized trial of the effects of ezetimibe on the absorption of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiac disease patients: A pilot study.

Background And Aims: Elevated levels of circulating omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids like alpha linolenic acid (ALA) may be beneficial for cardiovascular health. Circulating ALA concentrations are elevated dramatically by a cholesterol supplemented diet which increases ALA bioavailability through enhanced micelle formation in the intestines. Conversely, it is possible that drugs which inhibit cholesterol metabolism in the intestine may also inhibit fatty acid absorption.

Effects of Pheromone Release Rate and Trap Placement on Trapping of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Canada.

The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a devastating insect pest in its introduced range. A trapping system that increases trap catches or detection rates in low-density populations would be beneficial for survey programs. Five trapping experiments were conducted to investigate factors influencing capture rates of male beetles on dark green traps baited with the A.

A Biologically Active Analog of the Sex Pheromone of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis.

The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (EAB), is an invasive species causing unprecedented levels of mortality to ash trees in its introduced range. The female-produced sex pheromone of EAB has been shown to contain the macrocyclic lactone (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide. This compound and its geometrical isomer, (3E)-dodecen-12-olide, have been demonstrated previously to be EAG active and, in combination with a host-derived green leaf volatile, (3Z)-hexenol, to be attractive to male EAB in green prism traps deployed in the ash tree canopy.

Reliability and validity of two versions of the upper extremity functional index.

Purpose: To examine the reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the 20-item version and the Rasch-refined 15-item version of the Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI-20 and UEFI-15, respectively) and to determine the impact of arm dominance on the positive minimal clinically important difference (pMCID).

Methods: Adults with upper-extremity (UE) dysfunction completed the UEFI-20, Upper Extremity Functional Scale (UEFS), Pain Limitation Scale, and Pain Intensity Scale at their initial physiotherapy assessment (Time 1); 24-48 hours later (Time 2); and 3 weeks into treatment or at discharge, whichever came first (Time 3). Demographics, including working status, were obtained at Time 1.

Potent antihypertensive action of dietary flaxseed in hypertensive patients.

Flaxseed contains ω-3 fatty acids, lignans, and fiber that together may provide benefits to patients with cardiovascular disease. Animal work identified that patients with peripheral artery disease may particularly benefit from dietary supplementation with flaxseed. Hypertension is commonly associated with peripheral artery disease.

The effect of internal possession laws on underage drinking among high school students: a 12-state analysis.

Objectives: We assessed the effect of internal possession (IP) laws, which allow law enforcement to charge underage drinkers with alcohol possession if they have ingested alcohol, on underage drinking behaviors.

Methods: We examined Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data from 12 states with IP laws and with YRBS data before and after each law's implementation. We used logistic regression models with fixed effects for state to assess the effects of IP laws on drinking and binge drinking among high school students.

Effects of dietary flaxseed on atherosclerotic plaque regression.

Dietary flaxseed can retard the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. However, it remains unclear whether these antiatherogenic effects extend to plaque regression. In the present study, the therapeutic potential of dietary flaxseed on atherosclerotic plaque regression and vascular contractile function was evaluated using a novel rabbit model.

The complex symbiotic relationships of bark beetles with microorganisms: a potential practical approach for biological control in forestry.

Bark beetles, especially Dendroctonus species, are considered to be serious pests of the coniferous forests in North America. Bark beetle forest pests undergo population eruptions, causing region wide economic losses. In order to save forests, finding new and innovative environmentally friendly approaches in wood-boring insect pest management is more important than ever.

Optimized fast and sensitive acquisition methods for shotgun proteomics on a quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer.

Advances in proteomics are continually driven by the introduction of new mass spectrometric instrumentation with improved performances. The recently introduced quadrupole Orbitrap (Q Exactive) tandem mass spectrometer allows fast acquisition of high-resolution higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) tandem mass spectra due to the parallel mode of operation, where the generation, filling, and storage of fragment ions can be performed while simultaneously measuring another ion packet in the Orbitrap mass analyzer. In this study, data-dependent acquisition methods for "fast" or "sensitive" scanning were optimized and assessed by comparing stable isotope labeled yeast proteome coverage.

KERMA ratios in pediatric CT dosimetry.

Background: Patient organ doses may be estimated from CTDI values. More accurate estimates may be obtained by measuring KERMA (Kinetic Energy Released in Matter) in anthropomorphic phantoms and referencing these values to free-in-air X-ray intensity.

Objective: To measure KERMA ratios (R(K)) in pediatric phantoms at CT.

The alpha linolenic acid content of flaxseed is associated with an induction of adipose leptin expression.

Dietary flaxseed has cardioprotective effects that may be achieved through its rich content of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid (ALA). Because ALA can be stored in adipose tissue, it is possible that some of its beneficial actions may be due to effects it has on the adipose tissue. We investigated the effects of dietary flaxseed both with and without an atherogenic cholesterol-enriched diet to determine the effects of dietary flaxseed on the expression of the adipose cytokines leptin and adiponectin.

In-patient to isocenter KERMA ratios in CT.

Purpose: To estimate in-patient KERMA for specific organs in computed tomography (CT) scanning using ratios to isocenter free-in-air KERMA obtained using a Rando phantom.

Method: A CT scan of an anthropomorphic phantom results in an air KERMA K at a selected phantom location and air kerma K(CT) at the CT scanner isocenter when the scan is repeated in the absence of the phantom. The authors define the KERMA ratio (R(K)) as K∕ K(CT), which were experimentally determined in a Male Rando Phantom using lithium fluoride chips (TLD-100).

The α-linolenic acid content of flaxseed can prevent the atherogenic effects of dietary trans fat.

Dietary intake of industrially hydrogenated trans fatty acids (TFA) has been associated with coronary heart disease. Dietary flaxseed can inhibit atherosclerosis induced by dietary cholesterol. The aim of this study was to determine whether supplementing the diet with flaxseed could protect against atherosclerosis induced by a diet enriched in TFA.

Team training simulation in perioperative nursing education.

The current traditional apprenticeship model in healthcare is no longer meeting the needs of our learners. This model requires learners to master various core skills, carry out a procedure under supervision, and relate simultaneously to other staff in the complex operating room. The approach of "see one, do one, teach one" is considered, by some, to no longer be acceptable.

White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi) biological performance is unaffected by the jasmonic acid or wound-induced defense response in Norway spruce (Picea abies).

In eastern Canada, the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) is a pest of several native pine and spruce species and of the introduced species, Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst). We evaluated the feeding activities, oviposition and rate of adult emergence of white pine weevil on field-grown Norway spruce subjected to jasmonic acid or wounding pretreatments. We also monitored the host-plant reaction to white pine weevil attack, jasmonic acid and wounding treatments by quantifying several mono- and sesquiterpenes in bark and characterizing some molecular aspects of the terpenoid response.