The influence of food matrices on the bioavailability of curcuminoids from a dried colloidal turmeric suspension: a randomized, crossover, clinical trial.

Curcuminoid absorption can be influenced by the presence of additional compounds, but there has been no study investigating this in a robust manner. The aim of this clinical trial was to assess the effect of the type of food matrix on the absorption of curcuminoids from a highly bioavailable turmeric formulation. Participants consumed the turmeric formulation in the form of capsules, a ready-to-drink fruit nectar, a sports nutrition bar, a dairy analogue (oat milk), pectin gummies, and a probiotic drink in a randomized, crossover study.

Insights into the structural complexity and local disorder of crystalline AsTe from semi-automated first-principles modelling.

A semi-automated workflow relying on atomic-scale modelling is introduced to explore and understand the yet-unsolved structure of the crystalline AsTe material, recently obtained from crystallization of the parent AsTe glass, which shows promising properties for thermoelectric applications. The seemingly complex crystal structure of AsTe is investigated with density functional theory, from the stand point of As/Te disorder, in a structural template derived from elemental-Te (Te), following experimental findings from combined X-ray total scattering and diffraction. Our workflow includes a combinatorial structure generation step followed by successive structure selection and relaxation steps with progressively-increasing accuracy levels and a multi-criterion evaluation procedure.

Characterization of the spontaneously recharging natural hydrogen reservoirs of Bourakebougou in Mali.

In today's race to find ways to produce cheap and green hydrogen, the natural hydrogen wells in Bourakebougou offer a promising solution and are a good example of how H can be produced in the natural environment. Not only has one well been successfully exploited to generate electricity for the local village, but twenty-four other exploratory boreholes have also demonstrated the presence of natural H in the surrounding area. The Bourakebougou H field offers a unique opportunity for geoscientists to determine the key characteristics of natural hydrogen reservoirs.

Eulerian vs Lagrangian Irreversibility in an Experimental Turbulent Swirling Flow.

In a turbulent fluid, the time-reversal symmetry is explicitly broken by viscosity, and spontaneously broken in the inviscid limit. Recently, Drivas [J. Nonlinear Sci.

Neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles promote feed-forward inflammasome signaling in cystic fibrosis airways.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) airways feature high extracellular levels of the IL-1 family of proinflammatory mediators. These mediators are cleavage products of caspase-1, the final protease in the inflammasome cascade. Due to the proven chronic presence of reprogrammed neutrophils in the CF airway lumen, understanding inflammasome signaling in these cells is of great importance to understand how disease is perpetuated in this milieu.

Evolutionary Origins of DNA Repair Pathways: Role of Oxygen Catastrophe in the Emergence of DNA Glycosylases.

It was proposed that the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) evolved under high temperatures in an oxygen-free environment, similar to those found in deep-sea vents and on volcanic slopes. Therefore, spontaneous DNA decay, such as base loss and cytosine deamination, was the major factor affecting LUCA's genome integrity. Cosmic radiation due to Earth's weak magnetic field and alkylating metabolic radicals added to these threats.

Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Turmeric Curcuminoids Depends on Formulation: Results of a Human Crossover Study.

Background: Curcuminoids from turmeric rhizome have significant health benefits but low bioavailability.

Objectives: To assess the pharmacokinetics of a novel natural turmeric dried colloidal suspension compared with 4 other turmeric formulations (including a standardized extract) at their respective recommended dosages.

Methods: Thirty healthy men and women (18 to 45 y old) were enrolled in a randomized, open-labeled, crossover trial, and sequentially consumed single oral doses of standard turmeric extract (1500 mg), liquid micellar preparation (1000 mg), piperine-curcuminoid combination (1515 mg), phytosome formulation (1000 mg), or the dried colloidal suspension (300 mg).

Characterizing most irregular small-scale structures in turbulence using local Hölder exponents.

Two scalar fields characterizing respectively pseudo-Hölder exponents and local energy transfers are used to capture the topology and the dynamics of the velocity fields in areas of lesser regularity. The present analysis is conducted using velocity fields from two direct numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations in a triply periodic domain. A typical irregular structure is obtained by averaging over the 213 most irregular events.

Highly Transparent Fluorotellurite Glass-Ceramics: Structural Investigations and Luminescence Properties.

Crystallization from glass can lead to the stabilization of metastable crystalline phases, which offers an interesting way to unveil novel compounds and control the optical properties of resulting glass-ceramics. Here, we report on a crystallization study of the ZrF-TeO glass system and show that under specific synthesis conditions, a previously unreported TeZrOF zirconium oxyfluorotellurite antiglass phase can be selectively crystallized at the nanometric scale within the 65TeO-35ZrF amorphous matrix. This leads to highly transparent glass-ceramics in both the visible and near-infrared ranges.

BaYZrF and BaLnZrF: a new noncentrosymmetric potential host structure type for optical devices.

The first ternary BaF-Ln(Y)F-ZrF phases crystallizing near the composition range of fluoride glasses, namely BaYZrF (barium yttrium fluoridozirconate) and isotypic BaLnZrF (Ln = Yb, Er and Nd), have been synthesized. The crystal structure of BaYZrF cannot be correctly determined in the centrosymmetric space group Pnma (R1 = 0.09); it is preferably described in the noncentrosymmetric space group Pn2a (R1 = 0.

The low-temperature barium fluoridozirconate variety α-BaZrF.

The low-temperature triclinic variety α-BaZrF constitutes a new structure type, less symmetrical than the higher-temperature β-variety. It is based on the stacking of double sheets of Zr polyhedra, connecting three different kinds of ZrF polyhedra and one ZrF polyhedron via vertices and edges, separated by corrugated Ba layers. It is compared to the high-temperature β-variety, directly recrystallizing from barium fluoridozirconate glass, and also to BaTeF and KTeF.

Local estimates of Hölder exponents in turbulent vector fields.

It is still not known whether solutions to the Navier-Stokes equation can develop singularities from regular initial conditions. In particular, a classical and unsolved problem is to prove that the velocity field is Hölder continuous with some exponent h<1 (i.e.

About Universality and Thermodynamics of Turbulence.

This paper investigates the universality of the Eulerian velocity structure functions using velocity fields obtained from the stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) technique in experiments and direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the Navier-Stokes equations. It shows that the numerical and experimental velocity structure functions up to order 9 follow a log-universality (Castaing et al. 1993); this leads to a collapse on a universal curve, when units including a logarithmic dependence on the Reynolds number are used.

Chemically modified hCFTR mRNAs recuperate lung function in a mouse model of cystic fibrosis.

Gene therapy has always been a promising therapeutic approach for Cystic Fibrosis (CF). However, numerous trials using DNA or viral vectors encoding the correct protein resulted in a general low efficacy. In the last years, chemically modified messenger RNA (cmRNA) has been proven to be a highly potent, pulmonary drug.

Attached flow structure and streamwise energy spectra in a turbulent boundary layer.

On the basis of (i) particle image velocimetry data of a turbulent boundary layer with large field of view and good spatial resolution and (ii) a mathematical relation between the energy spectrum and specifically modeled flow structures, we show that the scalings of the streamwise energy spectrum E_{11}(k_{x}) in a wave-number range directly affected by the wall are determined by wall-attached eddies but are not given by the Townsend-Perry attached eddy model's prediction of these spectra, at least at the Reynolds numbers Re_{τ} considered here which are between 10^{3} and 10^{4}. Instead, we find E_{11}(k_{x})∼k_{x}^{-1-p} where p varies smoothly with distance to the wall from negative values in the buffer layer to positive values in the inertial layer. The exponent p characterizes the turbulence levels inside wall-attached streaky structures conditional on the length of these structures.

Frontline Science: Pathological conditioning of human neutrophils recruited to the airway milieu in cystic fibrosis.

Recruitment of neutrophils to the airways, and their pathological conditioning therein, drive tissue damage and coincide with the loss of lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). So far, these key processes have not been adequately recapitulated in models, hampering drug development. Here, we hypothesized that the migration of naïve blood neutrophils into CF airway fluid in vitro would induce similar functional adaptation to that observed in vivo, and provide a model to identify new therapies.

Innate Immunity of the Lung: From Basic Mechanisms to Translational Medicine.

The respiratory tract is faced daily with 10,000 L of inhaled air. While the majority of air contains harmless environmental components, the pulmonary immune system also has to cope with harmful microbial or sterile threats and react rapidly to protect the host at this intimate barrier zone. The airways are endowed with a broad armamentarium of cellular and humoral host defense mechanisms, most of which belong to the innate arm of the immune system.

High-temperature monoclinic α-SrHfF, and isostructural α-SrZrF: associating HfF bipolyhedra and SrF snub disphenoids.

The structure of the high-temperature monoclinic variety α-SrHfF (strontium hafnium hexafluoride) [and of isostructural α-SrZrF (strontium zirconium hexafluoride)] associates HfF bipolyhedra and SrF snub disphenoids, forming zigzag twisted [SrF] layers. The distribution of the Hf and Sr polyhedra forms a three-dimensional framework which can be related to the family of anion-excess ReO-related superstructures. α-SrHfF corresponds to a new ABX type and is compared to the other main families already described.

Current Concepts and Controversies in Innate Immunity of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic infection and inflammation. The inflammatory response in CF is dominated by the activation of the innate immune system. Bacteria and fungi represent the key pathogens chronically colonizing the CF airways.

CXCR1 Regulates Pulmonary Anti-Pseudomonas Host Defense.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a key opportunistic pathogen causing disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) and other lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the pulmonary host defense mechanisms regulating anti-P. aeruginosa immunity remain incompletely understood.

Neutrophils in cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic infection and inflammation. Among inflammatory cells, neutrophils represent the major cell population accumulating in the airways of CF patients. While neutrophils provide the first defensive cellular shield against bacterial and fungal pathogens, in chronic disease conditions such as CF these short-lived immune cells release their toxic granule contents that cause tissue remodeling and irreversible structural damage to the host.

Mature cystic fibrosis airway neutrophils suppress T cell function: evidence for a role of arginase 1 but not programmed death-ligand 1.

Bacteria colonize cystic fibrosis (CF) airways, and although T cells with appropriate Ag specificity are present in draining lymph nodes, they are conspicuously absent from the lumen. To account for this absence, we hypothesized that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), recruited massively into the CF airway lumen and actively exocytosing primary granules, also suppress T cell function therein. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which exerts T cell suppression at a late step, was expressed bimodally on CF airway PMNs, delineating PD-L1(hi) and PD-L1(lo) subsets, whereas healthy control (HC) airway PMNs were uniformly PD-L1(hi).

Low doses of imatinib induce myelopoiesis and enhance host anti-microbial immunity.

Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) inhibits Abl1, c-Kit, and related protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and serves as a therapeutic for chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Imatinib also has efficacy against various pathogens, including pathogenic mycobacteria, where it decreases bacterial load in mice, albeit at doses below those used for treating cancer. We report that imatinib at such low doses unexpectedly induces differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors in the bone marrow, augments myelopoiesis but not lymphopoiesis, and increases numbers of myeloid cells in blood and spleen.