Metabolic Adaptation and Its Determinants in Adolescents Two Years After Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Weight loss is associated with reductions in resting energy expenditure (REE), which are impacted by changes in body composition following sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Current data regarding changes in measured REE (mREE) and metabolic adaptation in adolescents after SG are limited. We evaluated changes in mREE, metabolic adaptation, and body composition in youths after SG vs.

Gut-derived appetite regulating hormones across the anorexia nervosa spectrum.

Background: Appetite-regulating hormones are implicated in anorexia nervosa (AN) pathophysiology, however, data are limited for appetite-regulating hormones across the AN weight spectrum. We aimed to investigate fasting and post-prandial concentrations of appetite-regulating hormones - peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and ghrelin - among adolescent and young adult females across the AN weight spectrum, specifically those with AN and Atypical AN, and healthy controls (HC).

Methods: Participants (N = 95; ages 11-22 years) included 33 with AN, 25 with Atypical AN, and 37 HC.

Increased copeptin may reflect vasopressin-related metabolic changes after bariatric surgery.

Objective: Mechanisms underlying metabolic improvement following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) may provide insight into novel therapies. Vasopressin improves body composition and protects against hypoglycemia. Associations of copeptin, a stable cleavage product of vasopressin, with BMI and insulin resistance suggest an adaptive increase in vasopressin to counteract metabolic disruption.

Changes in pancreatic steatosis by computed tomography 24 months after sleeve gastrectomy in youth with severe obesity.

Background: Pancreatic steatosis has been associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Studies in adults have demonstrated improvement in pancreatic steatosis following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) with concomitant improvement in glucose homeostasis.

Objectives: To examine changes in pancreatic steatosis in youth with severe obesity 24 months following SG.

Cortisol/Cortisone Ratio in Youth with Obesity One Year Following Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Glucocorticoid metabolites are associated with body composition measures and are altered with weight status. Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) results in significant changes in weight and body composition. However, MBS effects on glucocorticoid metabolites are unknown.

Association of Lower Rostral Anterior Cingulate GABA+ and Dysregulated Cortisol Stress Response With Altered Functional Connectivity in Young Adults With Lifetime Depression: A Multimodal Imaging Investigation of Trait and State Effects.

Objective: Preclinical work suggests that excess glucocorticoids and reduced cortical γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may affect sex-dependent differences in brain regions implicated in stress regulation and depressive phenotypes. The authors sought to address a critical gap in knowledge, namely, how stress circuitry is functionally affected by glucocorticoids and GABA in current or remitted major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: Multimodal imaging data were collected from 130 young adults (ages 18-25), of whom 44 had current MDD, 42 had remitted MDD, and 44 were healthy comparison subjects.

Risk of wrist fracture, estimated by the load-to-strength ratio, declines following sleeve gastrectomy in adolescents and young adults.

Unlabelled: To understand whether the bone loss which occurs after vertical sleeve gastrectomy increases the risk of fracture, we used an engineering model to estimate risk in participants before and after surgery. We found that estimated risk decreased 1 year after surgery and remained lower, though had rebounded, at year 2.

Purpose: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) improves metabolic health in young people with obesity but is accompanied by substantial loss of bone mass and estimated bone strength.

Changes in Branched-Chain Amino Acids One Year after Sleeve Gastrectomy in Youth with Obesity and Their Association with Changes in Insulin Resistance.

Adults with obesity have a reduction in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), which is hypothesized to contribute to the metabolic advantages of MBS. We examined this relationship in 62 youth 13-24 years old with severe obesity (47 female) over 12 months. Thirty had sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and 32 were non-surgical controls (NS).

Bone changes post-sleeve gastrectomy in relation to body mass and hormonal changes.

Objective: To determine mechanisms contributing to impaired bone health in youth 24 months following sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Design: Twenty-four-month longitudinal observational study.

Methods: Participants included 23 youth undergoing SG and 30 non-surgical controls (NS) 13-25 years old with moderate-to-severe obesity.

Changes in Hepatic Fat Content by CT 1 Year After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Adolescents and Young Adults With Obesity.

Context: Obesity is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is an effective means of weight loss and improvement of NAFLD in adults; however, data regarding the efficacy of SG in the early stages of pediatric NAFLD are sparse.

Objective: To assess the impact of SG on hepatic fat content 1 year after SG in youth with obesity compared with nonsurgical controls with obesity (NS).

Male Runners With Lower Energy Availability Have Impaired Skeletal Integrity Compared to Nonathletes.

Context: Female athletes, particularly runners, with insufficient caloric intake for their energy expenditure [low energy availability (EA) or relative energy deficiency] are at risk for impaired skeletal integrity. Data are lacking in male runners.

Objective: To determine whether male runners at risk for energy deficit have impaired bone mineral density (BMD), microarchitecture, and estimated strength.

Association Between Ghrelin and Body Weight Trajectory in Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa.

Importance: Individuals with anorexia nervosa maintain extremely low body weights despite elevations in the circulating orexigenic hormone ghrelin. Whether circulating levels of endogenous ghrelin are associated with weight gain in anorexia nervosa is unknown.

Objective: To examine the association between baseline ghrelin and future weight change in individuals with anorexia nervosa.

Changes in Sex Steroids and Enteric Peptides After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Youth in Relation to Changes in Bone Parameters.

Context: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) improves metabolic endpoints but is associated with impaired bone outcomes.

Objective: To determine mechanisms contributing to impaired bone health in youth following SG.

Methods: 12-month longitudinal observational study in a multidisciplinary tertiary-care hospital, including 64 youth 13-25 years old with moderate-to-severe obesity (51 females); 30 underwent SG and 34 were nonsurgical (NS) controls.

Don't Ditch the Laptop Just Yet: A Direct Replication of Mueller and Oppenheimer's (2014) Study 1 Plus Mini Meta-Analyses Across Similar Studies.

In this direct replication of Mueller and Oppenheimer's (2014) Study 1, participants watched a lecture while taking notes with a laptop ( = 74) or longhand ( = 68). After a brief distraction and without the opportunity to study, they took a quiz. As in the original study, laptop participants took notes containing more words spoken verbatim by the lecturer and more words overall than did longhand participants.

Feasibility, Acceptability and Effects of a Home-Based Exercise Program Using a Gerontechnology on Physical Capacities after a Minor Injury in Community-Living Older Adults: A Pilot Study.

Context: Several studies have demonstrated that physical activity can help limit decline in functional capacities of older adults. Nevertheless, many adults aged 65 and over are inactive.

Objective: To explore the feasibility, the acceptability and the effects of a home-based exercise program (HEP) using a motion capture gerontechnology in independent community-living older adults at risk of function decline.

Feasibility and Effects of a Physical Activity Program Using Gerontechnology in Assisted Living Communities for Older Adults.

Background: The number of older adults residing in assisted living communities is increasing. Despite the benefits of physical activity (PA) on physical and cognitive capacities, and the opportunities for being active offered in these living environments, this population is highly sedentary and more at risk of physical decline. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, the acceptability, and the effects of PA intervention using gerontechnology in assisted living communities.

A New Adaptive Home-based Exercise Technology among Older Adults Living in Nursing Home: A Pilot Study on Feasibility, Acceptability and Physical Performance.

Objectives: To explore the feasibility and acceptability of a new home-based exercise technology among older adults and to evaluate its efficacy on physical performance measures.

Design: Longitudinal clinical trial.

Setting: Oak Hammock at the University of Florida, a nursing home located in Gainesville, Florida.

The Effects of Physical Activity in Parkinson's Disease: A Review.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is increasingly advocated as an adjunct intervention for individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the specific benefits of PA on the wide variety of impairments observed in patients with PD has yet to be clearly identified.

Objective: Highlight health parameters that are most likely to improve as a result of PA interventions in patients with PD.