Parent stress and social support in a randomized controlled trial of individual versus group parent training for children with HKD/ADHD.

Objectives: Assess (a) the relative benefit of individual versus group parent training compared to treatment as usual (TAU) with an emphasis on parent outcomes. Investigate (b) if group parent training increases social support more than other modes of treatment and explore (c) how social support interacts with different modes of treatment.

Method: Compared individual with group parent training and treatment as usual (TAU) in a randomized controlled trial for N = 237 children with Hyperkinetic Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (HKD/ADHD).

Consumer evaluation and satisfaction with individual versus group parent training for children with hyperkinetic disorder (HKD).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the social validity of cognitive-behavioural parent training (CBPT) delivered in two formats to parents who have children with hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) with and without medication.

Design: Compared individual with group treatment as part of a multicentre randomized controlled trial.

Method: Obtained a broad range of evaluations and satisfaction ratings post-treatment and related them to pre-treatment and treatment factors.

Observation of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) problems in three natural classroom contexts.

Background: Observation studies of students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) problems in natural classroom situations are costly and relatively rare.

Aims: The study enquired how teacher ratings are anchored in actual student classroom behaviours, and how the behaviour of children with ADHD problems differs from their classmates. The authors attempted to broaden the usual focus on disruptive and inattentive behaviours to elucidate the role of various on-task behaviours, as well as considering differences between classroom contexts.

[Modification of self-injury and self-mutilation behavior--analysis of a single case intervention study of a boy in a school for mentally retarded].

The present study analysed the self-injurious, destructive behaviour of a mentally retarded boy, ten years of age which was generally noticed through his resistance to demands and because of his self-destructive behaviour and aggressions against others. This behaviour appeared in critical situations (following instructions; not getting something). It is maintained by positive (getting attention) and negative reinforcement (let off demands).

[Attention deficit disorders and memory capacity in children with language delay and in normal children].

In order to investigate the hypothesis that language-impaired children also show deficits in memory, 110 language-impaired and 123 children showing no such impairments (average age 10;0 yrs.) were tested for verbal memory and selecting attention through a matching familiar figures test. As an additional measure, teachers assessed the children, using DSM criteria, for both general attentivenesse and attention deficit disorder.

[Behavior medicine indications and evaluation of cognitive-behavioral therapy with attention-deficit/hyperkinetic children].

The president study evaluates the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders. Twenty-seven children (mean age: 9 years, 9 months) took part in the study. They had been diagnosed as having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder according to the DSM-III-R criteria.

[Value of palpation findings in breast examination].

During a period of 3.5 years 13,214 patients were examined in a specialised breast clinic; 87% of the women had been referred by gynaecologists. 73% of the 160 carcinomas discovered 65% of the 143 fibroadenomas and 32% of the 982 cysts were palpable.

[Transvaginal contrast hysterosonography. A new diagnostic procedure for the differentiation of intrauterine and myometrial findings].

In 30 patients with sterility problems, menstrual irregularities, and/or suspected tumor the uterine wall was evaluated by transvaginal hystero-contrast-sonography (CoSy). These findings were compared with those of hysterosalpingography (HSG) or chromo-laparoscopy which were done during the same anesthesia. In 6 patients there was no coincidence, and additional information of relevance could be achieved by the other procedure.

[The incidence of breast carcinoma following roentgen radiotherapy at the Marburg University Women's Clinic].

A lot of women still object to mammography for fear of induction of carcinoma by radioactive rays. Even a large number of doctors are not informed about the fact that during the last ten years the dosage necessary for examination could be extremely reduced. In a follow-up examination of 61 females who had undergone a therapy of mastitis with a dosage of 3 X 80 R between 1949 and 1958, an enhanced risk of carcinoma could not be ascertained.

[Improvement in the early detection of breast cancer by thermography].

In the last few years thermography lost some of its value in the diagnosis of breast cancer because of the changeover to x-ray mammography and ultrasound mammography. Nevertheless, it is still a very useful additional method, especially if the doctor can only perform a clinical examination. Combination of thermography and clinical examination produces better results.

[Differential diagnosis of the axillary lymph node].

The authors report on clinically abnormal palpatory findings in the axilla. The radiology and sonography of these findings is described, as well as differential diagnosis between normal findings and benign as well as malignant changes. If it is not possible to confirm a benign aspect even by means of examination via relevant equipment, histological clarification must be sought whenever there is a new palpatory finding or if changes are noted.

[Initial clinical experiences with grid mammography].

The article reports on a comparison between 100 x-ray films (preparation radiographies, mammographies) with grid and a film/foil combination on the one hand, and conventional x-ray technique with material testing x-ray film on the other. The clear superiority of grid mammography is demonstrated by means of case examples.

[Unusual malignancies of the breast region].

Three cases of rare sites of malignomas in the human breast are reported: malignant lymphoma (centrocytic - centroblastic) with generalised lymph node involvement, metastasis of a malignant melanoma, and a metastatic angiosarcoma. Problems of preoperative diagnosis are discussed.

[Ultrasound mammography: development, current status and limits].

Starting with a survey of the historical development of ultrasound-mammography the current status of this method within other diagnostic procedures of the breast is defined. Basing on over 1000 examinations since 1975 we report the sonographic possibilities in demonstrating different normal and pathologic breast structures. Pathologic structures are: Dudectasy, Cysts, Mastitis, Fibroadenoma, Carcinoma and Gynaecomasty.

[Value of interoperative preparation radiography for the detection of minimal cancer (author's transl)].

The article reports on 31 carcinomas of the breast in the minimal cancer stage. This includes noninvasive and infiltrative carcinomas which had grown to a diameter of up to 5 mm. The patients were examined clinically, thermographically and by mammography.

[Ultrasound mammography:special applications (author's transl)].

Clinical observations on more than 700 patients between September 1979 and October 1980 are reported. If cysts are suspected clinically, ultrasound mammography provides the most reliable diagnosis and is superior to all other methods for localization, fine-needle biopsy and follow-up. Since it is difficult to assess (due to summation effects), the radiologically dense breast (DY) is a further indication for sonography.

[New aspects in ultrasound mammography (author's transl)].

We report about 239 ultrasound examinations of the breast using a new water-tank scanner (U.I.Octoson, Ausonics, Sydney, Australia).

[Granular cell myoblastoma of the mammary gland and its differentiation from mammary carcinoma (author's transl)].

Report of a case with granular cell tumor of the mammary gland. These tumors are observed infrequently and are important because of the difficulty to differentiate those lesions from carcinoma of the breast. The accurate diagnosis is possible by cytology and microscopy.

[Fine needle aspiration of 184 mammary cysts (author's transl)].

Between December 1972 and March 1974, clinical, thermographic and mammographic breast examinations were carried out on 4005 patients. In 546 patients palpable breast tumors were found, of which 456 were clarified by the conventional surgicalhistological procedure, 105 cases of carcinoma being found. In 128 of the 4005 patients (=3.