Educational and income inequalities across diseases in Denmark: a register-based cohort study.

Background: Educational attainment and income are often, but not always, associated with disease incidence. Existing research typically examines single diseases, resulting in disparate analyses with little comparability. In this study, we aimed to assess educational and income inequalities across diseases in Denmark.

Multi-cancer risk stratification based on national health data: a retrospective modelling and validation study.

Background: Health care is experiencing a drive towards digitisation, and many countries are implementing national health data resources. Although a range of cancer risk models exists, the utility on a population level for risk stratification across cancer types has not been fully explored. We aimed to close this gap by evaluating pan-cancer risk models built on electronic health records across the Danish population with validation in the UK Biobank.

Magnitude and determinants of excess total, age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality in 24 countries worldwide during 2020 and 2021: results on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from the C-MOR project.

Introduction: To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, we estimated excess all-cause mortality in 24 countries for 2020 and 2021, overall and stratified by sex and age.

Methods: Total, age-specific and sex-specific weekly all-cause mortality was collected for 2015-2021 and excess mortality for 2020 and 2021 was calculated by comparing weekly 2020 and 2021 age-standardised mortality rates against expected mortality, estimated based on historical data (2015-2019), accounting for seasonality, and long-term and short-term trends. Age-specific weekly excess mortality was similarly calculated using crude mortality rates.

Lifetime exposure to air pollution and academic achievement: A nationwide cohort study in Denmark.

Recent research suggests a link between air pollution and cognitive development in children, and studies on air pollution and academic achievement are emerging. We conducted a nationwide cohort study in Denmark to explore the associations between lifetime exposure to air pollution and academic performance in 9th grade. The study encompassed 785,312 children born in Denmark between 1989 and 2005, all of whom completed 9th-grade exit examinations.

Air pollution and human health: a phenome-wide association study.

Objectives: To explore the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with onset of all human health conditions.

Design: Prospective phenome-wide association study.

Setting: Denmark.

Using sequences of life-events to predict human lives.

Here we represent human lives in a way that shares structural similarity to language, and we exploit this similarity to adapt natural language processing techniques to examine the evolution and predictability of human lives based on detailed event sequences. We do this by drawing on a comprehensive registry dataset, which is available for Denmark across several years, and that includes information about life-events related to health, education, occupation, income, address and working hours, recorded with day-to-day resolution. We create embeddings of life-events in a single vector space, showing that this embedding space is robust and highly structured.

Development of geographic inequality in dental caries and its association with socioeconomic factors over an 18-year period in Denmark.

Background: Few studies have examined the development of geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in caries over time or have simultaneously assessed individual-level socioeconomic position (SEP) and neighborhood-level factors as a multi-layered phenomenon influencing caries inequalities. This study examined (i) the trends in geographic inequalities in caries among adolescents in Denmark and (ii) how the association between SEP and caries has progressed over time, when accounting for individual and neighborhood-level confounding factors.

Methods: This nationwide repeated cross-sectional study included 15-year-olds in Denmark from 1995, 2003, and 2013 (n = 149,808).

Predicting mortality risk after a fall in older adults using health care spending patterns: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To develop a prognostic model of 1-year mortality for individuals aged 65+ presenting at the emergency department (ED) with a fall based on health care spending patterns to guide clinical decision-making.

Design: Population-based cohort study (n = 35,997) included with a fall in 2013 and followed 1 year.

Methods: Health care spending indicators (dynamical indicators of resilience, DIORs) 2 years before admission were evaluated as potential predictors, along with age, sex and other clinical and sociodemographic covariates.

Machine learning models of healthcare expenditures predicting mortality: A cohort study of spousal bereaved Danish individuals.

Background: The ability to accurately predict survival in older adults is crucial as it guides clinical decision making. The added value of using health care usage for predicting mortality remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate if temporal patterns of healthcare expenditures, can improve the predictive performance for mortality, in spousal bereaved older adults, next to other widely used sociodemographic variables.

Danish Pathology Life Course (PATHOLIFE) cohort: a register based cohort extending upon a national tissue biobank.

Purpose: The Danish Pathology Life Course (PATHOLIFE) cohort was established to facilitate epidemiological research relating histological and cytological features extracted from patient tissue specimens to the rich life course histories, including both prior and future register data, of the entire Danish population. Research results may increase quality of diagnosis, prognosis and stratification of patient subtypes, possibly identifying novel routes of treatment.

Participants: All Danish residents from 1 January 1986 to 31 December 2019, totalling 8 593 421 individuals.

Sex differences in health care expenditures and mortality after spousal bereavement: A register-based Danish cohort study.

Background: Spousal bereavement is a life event that affects older people differently. We investigated the impact of spousal bereavement on medical expenditures and mortality in the general population, emphasizing on age and sex.

Methods: Data are from a population-based, retrospective cohort study following 924,958 Danish citizens over the age of 65 years, within 2011-2016.

Predicting mortality and visualizing health care spending by predicted mortality in Danes over age 65.

Health care expenditure in the last year of life makes up a high proportion of medical spending across the world. This is often framed as waste, but this framing is only meaningful if it is known at the time of treatment who will go on to die. We analyze the distribution of health care spending by predicted mortality for the Danish population over age 65 over the year 2016, with one-year mortality predicted by a machine learning model based on sociodemographics and use of health care services for the two years before entry into follow-up.

Selective migration and mortality by economic status in Lolland-Falster, Denmark, 1992-2018.

During the past 30 years, a mortality gap developed between Lolland-Falster (the rural-provincial southeastern part) and the rest of Denmark. A main driver was selective in-migration of Danes with a high risk of death, especially of working-ages. In the present study, we determined the role of economic status in this selective in-migration.

Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 in Denmark.

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve and new variants emerge. Using nationwide Danish data, we estimate the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.

Household transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Denmark.

In late 2021, the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant overtook the previously dominant Delta variant, but the extent to which this transition was driven by immune evasion or a change in the inherent transmissibility is currently unclear. We estimate SARS-CoV-2 transmission within Danish households during December 2021. Among 26,675 households (8,568 with the Omicron VOC), we identified 14,140 secondary infections within a 1-7-day follow-up period.

Immigration, mortality, and national life expectancy in the Nordic region, 1990-2019.

•Immigrants have higher life expectancy at age 1 than the native-born in Denmark, Finland and Norway do from 1990 to 2019.•Immigrants in Denmark, Finland and Norway increasingly enhance national life expectancy at age 1 over time.•Immigrants in Sweden have lower life expectancy at age 1 than native-born in Sweden do in 1990, but similar levels by 2019.

Polypharmacy occurrence and the related risk of premature death among older adults in Denmark: A nationwide register-based cohort study.

Background: Polypharmacy, defined as the concurrent use of ≥5 medications, increases the risk of drug-drug and drug-disease interactions as well as non-adherence to drug therapy. This may have negative health consequences particularly among older adults due to age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes. This study aims to uncover the occurrence of polypharmacy among older adults in Denmark and investigate how polypharmacy relates to mortality.

Temporal trends in cause-specific mortality in a rural-provincial area of Denmark, Lolland-Falster, 1970-2018.

Aim: In Denmark, rural-provincial Lolland-Falster currently has the highest mortality, caused mainly by the high mortality of in-migrating people. To identify possible preventive measures to combat this excess mortality insight into the underlying diseases is needed.

Methods: We used data from Danish registers to calculate cause-specific mortality for 1970-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009 and 2010-2018 divided into cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, external causes and other causes (all remaining causes).

Increased transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 by age and viral load.

New lineages of SARS-CoV-2 are of potential concern due to higher transmissibility, risk of severe outcomes, and/or escape from neutralizing antibodies. Lineage B.1.

Preterm birth after the introduction of COVID-19 mitigation measures in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark: a registry-based difference-in-differences study.

Background: Although some studies have reported a decrease in preterm birth following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings are inconsistent.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the incidences of preterm birth before and after the introduction of COVID-19 mitigation measures in Scandinavian countries using robust population-based registry data.

Study Design: This was a registry-based difference-in-differences study using births from January 2014 through December 2020 in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.

Optimizing drug selection from a prescription trajectory of one patient.

It is unknown how sequential drug patterns convey information on a patient's health status and treatment guidelines rarely account for this. Drug-agnostic longitudinal analyses of prescription trajectories in a population-wide setting are needed. In this cohort study, we used 24 years of data (1.