Publications by authors named "Lauro V Perdigao Neto"
Epidemics and outbreaks caused by the dengue virus pose risks to populations and have high mortality rates, causing burdens and economic costs worldwide. Brazil recently experienced an explosive increase in the number of dengue cases and fatalities. Dengue is an acute febrile illness that can progress to severe forms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStreptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus: an emergent cause of meningoencephalitis in Northeastern Brazil.
Luis Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias Marcos Maciel Sousa Karene Ferreira Cavalcante Marina Pinheiro Catunda Jucá Aldenise de Olinda Castro Antônio Silva Lima Neto Lauro Vieira Perdigão Neto
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- * Epidemiological investigations and a literature review suggest that neurotropic strains of this bacteria had not been previously documented in Brazil prior to these instances.
- * The emergence of another meningoencephalitis case in 2023 indicates the ongoing presence of these harmful strains in the environment, emphasizing the importance of monitoring for such infections.
Article Synopsis
- Human rabies is a deadly disease caused by lyssaviruses, and there has been an increase in cases following the COVID-19 pandemic.
- A case from Ceará, Brazil in 2023 involved a patient bitten by a marmoset who was also co-infected with SARS-CoV-2, diagnosed using minimally invasive autopsy (MIA).
- MIA is beneficial for its biosafety and efficiency, reducing body disfigurement and enhancing rabies diagnostics and family cooperation in tracking the disease.
Backgrounds: Fortunately, much has been studied about COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Evidence suggests that these patients do not appear to be at increased risk of severe COVID-19. However, there are still some uncertainties regarding the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in patients with immune-mediated diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Human Rabies (HR) is a deadly disease caused by lyssaviruses, particularly the rabies virus (RABV).
- While dog transmissions have decreased in Latin America, there is an increase in rabies cases from wild animals.
- Effective treatment options are limited, making post-exposure prophylaxis and animal control critical for managing HR during the global pandemic.
Development of and mutations for integrase inhibitor resistance in a patient undergoing treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report.
Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias Melissa Fiuza Saboya Natália Ponte Fernandes Lauro Vieira Perdigão Neto Erico Antonio Gomes de Arruda
SAGE Open Med Case Rep
December 2023
Article Synopsis
- - The case details a 29-year-old male with HIV and tuberculosis who experienced treatment failure while on dolutegravir, an effective but increasingly challenged drug.
- - After 8 months of therapy, his viral load remained high, and genetic testing revealed mutations associated with resistance to the integrase inhibitor.
- - The findings underscore the need for careful monitoring of treatment adherence and regimen choice for patients co-infected with HIV and TB to prevent resistance and ensure effective management.
Article Synopsis
- - Genito-urinary tuberculosis is the second most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis globally, but it's rare and can often mimic testicular cancer or infarction.
- - The presence of HIV significantly raises the likelihood of TB occurring in atypical areas of the body, including the testes.
- - Diagnosis of testicular tuberculosis is made through histological analysis, acid-bacilli smear from biopsy or semen, and culture tests.
Article Synopsis
- The report discusses two severe cases of mpox in Brazilian patients with advanced AIDS, highlighting atypical symptoms and longer illness duration.
- One patient experienced a fatal outcome, emphasizing the seriousness of the disease in immunocompromised individuals.
- Both cases involved serious complications in the perianal and genital areas, along with ongoing presence of the virus in the bloodstream.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the susceptibility of various bacterial isolates (32 Gram-negative and 6 Gram-positive) to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) using different concentration measures in both planktonic cells and biofilms.
- Results indicate that Gram-negative isolates require higher minimal concentrations of CHG compared to Gram-positive, and that biofilm-forming bacteria are more tolerant to CHG than planktonic cells.
- The study also highlights the occurrence of the Eagle effect in 60.5% of isolates, which leads to elevated minimum concentrations of CHG needed for effectiveness, suggesting a need for cautious interpretation of susceptibility results in clinical settings.
Case Report: Successful Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Due to Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae in a Kidney Transplant Recipient Using Chloramphenicol.
Lauro Vieira Perdigão Neto Anna Silva Machado Riberto Garcia da Silva Ricardo Barbosa Cintra de Souza Saurus Mayer Coutinho
Transplant Proc
April 2023
Article Synopsis
- Effective treatments for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria are becoming less available, particularly affecting solid-organ transplant patients.
- Kidney transplant recipients are particularly vulnerable to urinary tract infections, which can lead to serious complications and increased mortality post-transplant.
- A case study showed successful treatment of a complicated urinary tract infection in a kidney transplant patient with extensively drug-resistant (XDR) K. pneumoniae using chloramphenicol and ertapenem, suggesting that chloramphenicol could be a viable alternative for infections from MDR/XDR pathogens despite not being a first-line option.
Streptococcus constellatus causing concomitant extra and intracranial abscesses complicated with sagittal sinus thrombosis.
Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias Natália Nogueira Firmino Marcos Maciel Sousa Mateus Lavor Lira Leonardo Nogueira Meireles Lauro Vieira Perdigão Neto
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo
February 2023
Article Synopsis
- Streptococcus constellatus is a type of gram-positive bacteria that is part of the Streptococcus anginosus group, commonly found in the mouth.* -
- It can lead to abscess formations, particularly in areas like the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and heart.* -
- This report discusses a serious instance of both external and internal brain abscesses caused by S. constellatus in an otherwise healthy individual.*
Article Synopsis
- - This study explores the relationship between multidrug-resistant bacteria and their virulence traits using zebrafish as a model, analyzing 46 strains from Brazilian hospitals that were resistant to colistin and contained specific resistance genes (bla).
- - Ten different sequence types (STs) were identified, with the majority falling under CC258, and certain virulence factors like fimbriae and efflux-pumps were frequently present; however, only ST16 strains showed a significant increase in mortality in zebrafish embryos (52% vs. 29%).
- - The findings suggest that while several virulence factors exist, ST16 is uniquely linked to heightened virulence in the zebrafish model, indicating the need for additional studies to better
Article Synopsis
- The incidence of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs), particularly carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, is significantly high among solid organ transplant (SOT) patients in Brazil.
- This review highlights issues in antimicrobial use and resistance, focusing on the challenges and opportunities for establishing effective antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) within Brazilian hospitals.
- Key barriers to implementing ASPs include lack of specific national guidelines for SOT patients, inadequate electronic medical records, limited rapid diagnostic testing, and insufficient time for healthcare personnel to devote to stewardship activities.
Article Synopsis
- A study aims to improve COVID-19 patient management by creating a computational model that analyzes electronic medical records to find correlations between drug prescriptions and patient outcomes.
- The research involved data from 3,674 hospitalized patients, focusing on drug prescriptions and their relationship to whether patients were discharged alive or deceased, using advanced machine learning techniques for analysis.
- Results indicated that anticoagulants improved prognosis when given after the first week of symptoms, while commonly prescribed antibiotics did not significantly affect patient outcomes, signifying a potential reevaluation of treatment strategies.
Meningitis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in a COVID-19 patient: a rare complication of dog bites.
Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias Ângela Maria Veras Stolp Silviane Praciano Bandeira Rafael Ferreira Mesquita Pedro Pinheiro de Negreiros Bessa Lauro Vieira Perdigão Neto
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo
May 2022
Article Synopsis
- An 85-year-old man with COVID-19 experienced severe symptoms, including altered consciousness and neck stiffness, following a dog bite.
- After diagnosis and treatment with meropenem for 14 days, he fully recovered after 40 days in the hospital, emphasizing awareness among healthcare professionals regarding such infections in bite cases.
Article Synopsis
- Two new cases of Sabiá virus (SABV) infection were diagnosed in Brazil, marking the first instances in over 20 years.
- The infected patients exhibited severe symptoms, including hepatitis and neurological issues, leading to their deaths, with unique histopathological features observed in autopsies.
- Despite the possibility of transmission in healthcare settings, contact tracing showed no additional infections among hospital staff and contacts, highlighting the rarity of this virus.
Article Synopsis
- - Clostridioides difficile (CD) is the leading cause of diarrhea in healthcare settings, and its severity has grown due to more aggressive strains.
- - The primary factor for CD's virulence is toxin production, but the study found other important genetic factors contributing to its virulence.
- - Researchers sequenced 38 strains and found most were toxigenic, with some lacking genes related to adhesion, highlighting the need to explore other virulence factors for a better understanding of CD.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the transfer of a resistance gene, qacA, from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to Escherichia coli C600 via conjugative plasmids, which is not well understood in Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria.* -
- Through experiments, they successfully showed that MRSA can transfer chlorhexidine resistance to E. coli, significantly increasing the latter's resistance levels after the transfer.* -
- This research represents the first documented instance of the specific plasmid p_8N_qac carrying qacA being transferred to E. coli, highlighting concerns about the spread of resistance genes and the need for better antiseptic use.*
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of a carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens cohort and outbreak: describing an opportunistic pathogen.
Gladys Prado Elisa Teixeira Mendes Roberta Cristina Ruedas Martins Lauro Vieira Perdigão-Neto Maristela Pinheiro Freire
Int J Antimicrob Agents
January 2022
Article Synopsis
- * A retrospective study reviewed cases of colonization and infection, analyzing 42 isolates, including environmental samples, for carbapenemase genes and genetic mutations, revealing key resistance mechanisms and virulence factors.
- * The findings suggested that a history of polymyxin use significantly increased the risk for infection and indicated that cross-transmission might be a factor in the spread of these resistant strains, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and controlling this pathogen.
Article Synopsis
- - The study evaluated the occurrence of COVID-19 among patients in hemodialysis facilities in São Paulo, finding 1,093 reported cases out of 20,984 patients surveyed.
- - Many facilities implemented preventive measures like dedicated COVID-19 areas and symptom screening, yet about 56% experienced at least one cluster of cases, with clustering suspected in only 7% of facilities.
- - The primary risk factor for clustering was linked to aerosol-generating procedures, suggesting the need for caution in such practices to reduce transmission and monitor outbreaks effectively.
Article Synopsis
- * A cross-sectional study in a COVID-19 ICU included an educational campaign on virus transmission and proper MP disinfection, and involved swabbing 51 MPs for SARS-CoV-2 testing.
- * Results indicated that while most HCWs practiced better hand hygiene and disinfected their MPs during the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on 4% of MPs, highlighting the need for improved infection control guidelines for electronic devices in healthcare settings.
Article Synopsis
- Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in hospitals aim to coordinate interventions that enhance the appropriate use of antimicrobial medications, and this study focused on evaluating their implementation in São Paulo, Brazil.
- A survey conducted between March and July 2018 found that 85% of responding hospitals had formal ASPs, with guidelines for surgical prophylaxis and sepsis being widely adopted, but stricter measures like prior authorization were rare.
- Although most hospitals reported having active ASPs, there were discrepancies in understanding their objectives and evaluating their effectiveness, indicating a need for improved metrics and feedback systems in the future.
Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Clostridioides difficile infection: A prospective diagnostic performance study.
Evelyne Santana Girão Saidy Liceth Vásconez Noguera Evelyn Patricia Sanchez Espinoza Camila Loredana Pereira Alves Madeira Bezerra Fernando Molina Lino Lauro Vieira Perdigão Neto
Anaerobe
October 2021
Article Synopsis
- A new LAMP assay called HiberGene's CD was tested on 82 unformed stool samples from patients thought to have C. difficile infection (CDI).
- When compared to the GDH toxins A/B test, HiberGene's LAMP showed perfect sensitivity (100%) and high specificity (95.8%).
- Compared to the FilmArray™ GI panel test, it exhibited a sensitivity of 81.2% and perfect specificity (100%), with 96.38% agreement between the tests.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the effectiveness of fosfomycin as a treatment against multi-resistant A. baumannii infections and aims to understand its resistance mechanisms by analyzing 32 bacterial isolates.
- - Results showed a wide range of fosfomycin susceptibility (MIC values from 32 to ≥256 mg/L), with specific resistance genes found in some isolates, including mutations in key metabolic pathways.
- - Key findings include the absence of fosA and fosB genes in all isolates, presence of the fosX gene in four, and notable mutations in the MurA enzyme and adenylate cyclase that may impact fosfomycin resistance mechanisms in A. baumannii.
Article Synopsis
- Surveillance shows a decline in carbapenem sensitivity in Serratia marcescens, raising concerns about treatment options for multidrug-resistant infections.
- A case series examined 11 stem cell transplant patients, of which 6 were infected and 5 were colonized by carbapenem-resistant strains, with a mortality rate of 64%.
- Common comorbidities included acute renal insufficiency, neutropenia, and mucositis, with KPC identified as the most prevalent carbapenemase and tigecycline and gentamicin being used for treatment.