A 3-Week Ketogenic Diet Increases Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Individuals With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.

A ketogenic diet (KD) can induce weight loss and improve glycemic regulation, potentially reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes development. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind these beneficial effects of a KD, we investigated the impact of a KD on organ-specific insulin sensitivity (IS) in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. We hypothesized that a KD would increase IS in skeletal muscle.

Four weeks SGLT2 inhibition improves beta cell function and glucose tolerance without affecting muscle free fatty acid or glucose uptake in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition lowers glucose levels independently of insulin, leading to reduced insulin secretion and increased lipolysis, resulting in elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs). While SGLT2 inhibition improves tissue insulin sensitivity, the increase in circulating FFAs could reduce insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and the liver. We aimed to investigate the effects of SGLT2 inhibition on substrate utilization in skeletal muscle and the liver and to measure beta-cell function and glucose tolerance.

A ketogenic diet lowers myocardial fatty acid oxidation but does not affect oxygen consumption: a study in overweight humans.

Objective: A ketogenic diet (KD) characterized by very low carbohydrate intake and high fat consumption may simultaneously induce weight loss and be cardioprotective. The "thrifty substrate hypothesis" posits that ketone bodies are more energy efficient compared with other cardiac oxidative substrates such as fatty acids. This work aimed to study whether a KD with presumed increased myocardial ketone body utilization reduces cardiac fatty acid uptake and oxidation, resulting in decreased myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO ).

Dose-Response of Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis To Ingested Whey Protein During Energy Restriction in Overweight Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Background: Diet-induced weight loss is associated with a decline in lean body mass, as mediated by an impaired response of muscle protein synthesis (MPS). The dose-response of MPS to ingested protein, with or without resistance exercise, is well characterized during energy balance but limited data exist under conditions of energy restriction in clinical populations.

Objective: To determine the dose-response of MPS to ingested whey protein following short-term diet-induced energy restriction in overweight, postmenopausal, women at rest and postexercise.

SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics over time and risk factors associated with infection and long COVID-19 symptoms in large working environments.

Background: Factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics, transmission, waning and long COVID-19 symptomatology are still not fully understood.

Methods: In the Danish section of the Novo Nordisk Group, we performed a prospective seroepidemiological study during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. All employees and their household members (>18 years) were invited to participate in a baseline (June-August 2020), 6-month follow-up (December 2020-January 2021), and 12-month follow-up (August 2021) sampling.

X chromosome dosage and the genetic impact across human tissues.

Background: Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) give rise to a broad range of phenotypic traits and diseases. Previous studies based on peripheral blood samples have suggested the presence of ripple effects, caused by altered X chromosome number, affecting the methylome and transcriptome. Whether these alterations can be connected to disease-specific tissues, and thereby having clinical implication for the phenotype, remains to be elucidated.

Effect of Vancomycin Applied to the Surgical Site on Fracture Healing in a Diabetic Rat Model.

Background: Prophylactic vancomycin treatment decreases the prevalence of surgical site and deep infections by >70% in diabetic patients undergoing reconstructive foot and ankle surgery. Thus, determining whether clinically relevant local vancomycin doses affect diabetic fracture healing is of medical interest. We hypothesized that application of vancomycin powder to the fracture site during surgery would not affect healing outcomes, but continuous exposure of vancomycin would inhibit differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells and their osteogenic activity in vitro.

Effects of transdermal estrogen therapy on satellite cell number and molecular markers for muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training in early postmenopausal women.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of resistance training with or without transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) on satellite cell (SC) number and molecular markers for muscle hypertrophy in early postmenopausal women.

Methods: Using a double-blinded randomized controlled design, we allocated healthy, untrained postmenopausal women to perform 12 weeks of resistance training with placebo (PLC, n = 16) or ET (n = 15). Muscle biopsies obtained before and after the intervention, and two hours after the last training session were analyzed for fiber type, SC number and molecular markers for muscle hypertrophy and degradation (real-time PCR, western blotting).

Local zinc treatment enhances fracture callus properties in diabetic rats.

The effects of locally applied zinc chloride (ZnCl ) on early and late-stage parameters of fracture healing were evaluated in a diabetic rat model. Type 1 Diabetes has been shown to negatively impact mechanical parameters of bone as well as biologic markers associated with bone healing. Zinc treatments have been shown to reverse those outcomes in tests of nondiabetic and diabetic animals.

SGLT2 inhibition reduces myocardial oxygen consumption.

Aims/hypothesis: SGLT2 inhibition is associated with a reduced risk of cardiac disease that is still largely unexplained. According to one hypothesis, improved myocardial energetics may explain the cardioprotective effects of SGLT2i. However, recent mechanistic studies that have addressed this question have lacked the power to detect discrete but still clinically significant effects.

Development and evaluation of a bead-based Multiplexed Fluorescent ImmunoAssay (MFIA) for detection of antibodies to Salmonella enterica serogroup B and C in pigs.

Background: Since 1995, a surveillance program for Salmonella has been applied in the Danish pig industry in order to reduce cases of human salmonellosis. The objective of this study was to develop a bead-based Multiplexed Fluorometric ImmunoAssay (MFIA) as an improved serological surveillance method compared to the Salmonella mix ELISA, which has been the national reference immunoassay in the Danish Salmonella surveillance program for about 20 years.

Results: An MFIA for detection of antibodies to Salmonella serogroup B and C was developed and optimized with regard to coupling of beads with Salmonella lipopolysaccharide antigens and establishing suitable assay conditions.

Effects of SGLT2 inhibition on lipid transport in adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes.

SGLT2 inhibition induces an insulin-independent reduction in plasma glucose causing increased lipolysis and subsequent lipid oxidation by energy-consuming tissues. However, it is unknown whether SGLT2 inhibition also affects lipid storage in adipose tissue. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of SGLT2 inhibition on lipid storage and lipolysis in adipose tissue.

Estrogen modulates metabolic risk profile after resistance training in early postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Women experience an unhealthy change in metabolic risk profile at menopause. The purpose of the present study was to determine effects of resistance training with or without transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) on adipose tissue mass and metabolic risk profile in early postmenopausal women.

Methods: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial, where healthy, untrained postmenopausal women were allocated to supervised resistance training with placebo (PLC, n = 16) or transdermal ET (n = 15) for 12 weeks.

Ischemic heart failure mortality is not predicted by cardiac insulin resistance but by diabetes per se and coronary flow reserve: A retrospective dynamic cardiac F-FDG PET study.

Background & Aims: The connection between peripheral insulin resistance (IR) and coronary artery disease is well-established. Both are major risk factors for the development of ischemic cardiomyopathy potentially leading to heart failure (HF). Whether cardiac IR also impacts overall survival and morbidity is still debated.

Transdermal Estrogen Therapy Improves Gains in Skeletal Muscle Mass After 12 Weeks of Resistance Training in Early Postmenopausal Women.

Context: Women show an accelerated loss of muscle mass around menopause, possibly related to the decline in estrogen. Furthermore, the anabolic response to resistance exercise seems to be hampered in postmenopausal women.

Objective: We aimed to test the hypothesis that transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) amplifies the skeletal muscle response to resistance training in early postmenopausal women.

SGLT2 Inhibition Does Not Affect Myocardial Fatty Acid Oxidation or Uptake, but Reduces Myocardial Glucose Uptake and Blood Flow in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Beneficial effects have been attributed to increased ketogenesis, reduced cardiac fatty acid oxidation, and diminished cardiac oxygen consumption. We therefore studied whether SGLT2 inhibition altered cardiac oxidative substrate consumption, efficiency, and perfusion.

Pulmonary vein isolation using Ablation Index improves outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Aims: To evaluate the clinical outcome of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) comparing a strategy using Ablation Index (AI) and lesion contiguity with Contact Force (CF) only.

Methods: In a single-center retrospective design, we included 479 patients with AF (n=341 (71.2%) paroxysmal AF (PAF) and n=138 (28.

Explainable artificial intelligence model to predict acute critical illness from electronic health records.

Acute critical illness is often preceded by deterioration of routinely measured clinical parameters, e.g., blood pressure and heart rate.

Early detection of sepsis utilizing deep learning on electronic health record event sequences.

Background: The timeliness of detection of a sepsis incidence in progress is a crucial factor in the outcome for the patient. Machine learning models built from data in electronic health records can be used as an effective tool for improving this timeliness, but so far, the potential for clinical implementations has been largely limited to studies in intensive care units. This study will employ a richer data set that will expand the applicability of these models beyond intensive care units.

Myocardial Viability Testing by Positron Emission Tomography: Basic Concepts, Mini-Review of the Literature and Experience From a Tertiary PET Center.

Ischemic heart disease ranges in severity from slightly reduced myocardial perfusion with preserved contractile function to chronic occlusion of coronary arteries with myocardial cells replaced by acontractile scar tissue-ischemic heart failure (iHF). Progression towards scar tissue is thought to involve a period in which the myocardial cells are acontractile but still viable despite severely reduced perfusion. This state of reduced myocardial function that can be reversed by revascularization is termed "hibernation.

Acute Hyperketonemia Does Not Affect Glucose or Palmitate Uptake in Abdominal Organs or Skeletal Muscle.

Context: It has recently been hypothesized that ketone bodies may have independent cardioprotective effects due to increased myocardial efficiency and that this may explain the improved survival of individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with mildly ketogenic sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.

Objective: To determine whether ketone bodies are selectively utilized in tissues critical for preservation of conscience and circulation. We investigated the effect of acute hyperketonemia on substrate metabolism in less prioritized tissues such as abdominal organs, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle.

A European inter-laboratory trial to evaluate the performance of three serological methods for diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis infection in cattle using latent class analysis.

Background: Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an emerging bovine pathogen, leading to significant economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. Infection can result in a variety of clinical signs, such as arthritis, pneumonia, mastitis and keratoconjunctivitis, none of which are M.

Frequency of undocumented medication discrepancies in discharge letters after hospitalization of older patients: a clinical record review study.

Transitions of care may result in medication errors, when information about a patient's medications is not communicated sufficiently. In this clinical record review study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of undocumented medication discrepancies at discharge from hospital and evaluate which patient characteristics could be associated with undocumented medication discrepancies. Preadmission medication lists were compared against the medication list in the discharge letters, taking into account medication changes documented in the patient record throughout the inpatient stay and in the discharge summary.

Substance use consequences, mental health problems, and readiness to change among Veterans seeking substance use treatment.

Individuals seeking substance use treatment who have one or more co-occurring mental health problems tend to have lower treatment engagement, higher rates of attrition, and poorer treatment outcomes. Readiness to change (RTC) is an integral construct in the recovery process, with higher RTC associated with improved treatment outcomes. However, the impact of psychiatric symptoms on RTC is not fully understood, especially among specialty subpopulations, such as military Veterans.