Leydig and Sertoli cell function in individuals with genital ambiguity, 46,XY karyotype, palpable gonads and normal testosterone secretion: a case-control study.

Background: Because normal male sexual differentiation is more complex than normal female sexual differentiation, there are more cases of disorders of sex development (DSDs) with 46,XY karyotype that have unclear etiology. However, Leydig and Sertoli cell markers are rarely used in distinguishing such individuals.

Objectives: To evaluate the function of Leydig and Sertoli cells in individuals with genital ambiguity, 46,XY karyotype, palpable gonads and normal testosterone secretion.

Prevalence of Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumor and Factors Associated with Its Development in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Background: Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) can cause infertility in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) males.

Aims: To determine TART prevalence in patients with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) and evaluate possible factors associated with its development.

Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study evaluating males with the classical form of 21-OHD through testicular ultrasonography and serum inhibin B dosages.

Bariatric surgery does not interfere with sperm quality--a preliminary long-term study.

Purpose: Positive impact of weight loss on sexual function and hormones has been demonstrated, and male fertility in this scenario is to be better defined. We evaluated the impact of lifestyle modifications and gastric bypass on sperm quality.

Methods: We prospectively studied 20 morbidly obese men during 24 months, randomized for intervention: lifestyle modifications (exercise and diet) for 4 months and subsequently gastric bypass (n = 10); and control: follow-up (n = 10).

Metabolic evaluation of young women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Objective: To evaluate insulin resistance and lipid profile in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) caused by classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD), and their association with body mass index (BMI) and corticosteroid dosage.

Subjects And Methods: We assessed BMI, waist circumference, current glucocorticoid dosage, glucose, insulin and lipid profile in eighteen young women (mean ± SD, 19.3 ± 3.

Assessment of serum chromogranin-A as prognostic factor in high-risk prostate cancer.

Purpose: The presence of neuroendocrine differentiation may play a key role in androgen-independent tumor progression. The prognostic significance of plasma chromogranin-A (CgA) was assessed in a series of consecutive patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Patients And Methods: Twenty-three patients presenting high-risk PCa and 8 healthy individuals, as control group, had their blood samples collected to evaluate CgA, free and total prostate specific antigen, and free and total testosterone in a pilot study.

Evaluation of mild hyperhomocysteinemia during the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient and normal mice.

We focused on the effect of mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on the development of atherosclerosis, using apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) and normal mice. Mice received diets enriched in methionine with low or high levels of folate, B(12) and B(6) (diets B and C, respectively), and diet only with low levels of folate, B(12) and B(6) (diets D), to induce mild HHcy. Normal mice fed on diets B, C and D presented mild HHcy, but they did not develop atherosclerotic lesions after 24 weeks of diet.

[5alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency: experiences from Campinas (SP) and Salvador (BA)].

Objective: To report the experience regarding patients with steroid 5alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency from three different clinical services in Brazil.

Casuistic And Methods: Twenty five patients with clinical and hormonal features of 5alpha-reductase deficiency from 23 families (15 from Bahia, 7 from São Paulo and 1 from Minas Gerais) were included in this study. Clinical, hormonal and molecular data were evaluated.

[Chronic renal failure and growth hormone: effects on GH-IGF axis and leptin].

Aim: To analyze the changes in IGF-1, IGFBP-3, leptin and insulin after replacement doses of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in short prepubertal children with chronic renal failure (CRF).

Patients And Methods: Eleven children (3F:8M), with mean age of 9.6 years, were treated with rhGH (0.

Diagnosis of 5alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency: contribution of anti-Müllerian hormone evaluation.

Aim: To evaluate anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in patients with clinical and molecular diagnosis of 5alpha-reductase 2 deficiency.

Patients And Methods: Data from 14 patients whose age ranged from 21 days to 29 years were analyzed according to age and pubertal stage. Sexual ambiguity was rated as Prader III in 11 patients.

Effectiveness of female and male condoms in preventing exposure to semen during vaginal intercourse: a randomized trial.

Objectives: Comparison of male condom (MC) vs. female condom (FC) with respect to self-reported mechanical and acceptability problems and semen exposure using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as an objective biological marker and evaluation of the effect of an educational intervention on self-reported problems and semen exposure, by condom type.

Design: Randomized crossover trial.