Affective Responses Mediate the Body Language of Penalty Taker - Decision-Making Relationship from Soccer Goalkeepers.

Previous studies have shown that penalty-takers' body language affects the impressions that goalkeepers form about them and their anticipation performance. This research aimed to replicate these results and test the mediating effect of threat/challenge responses on the relationship between impression formation and the quality of goalkeeper decision-making. We report 2 experiments.

Stereotype Threat Effect on a Simple Motor Task: An Investigation of the Visuo-Spatial Working Memory.

: Based on the Chalabaev et al. (2013) study showing that in a Stereotype Threat (ST) situation the velocity of force production in a simple motor task can be affected, this study aimed to replicate this result and tested the role of Visuo-Spatial Working Memory (VSWM) in the ST effect. : Twenty one female athletes performed maximum voluntary contractions of the knee extensor muscles on an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex), under neutral, ST, and ST with mental imagery conditions.

Is Andy Murray More British Than Scottish? It Depends on His Success! Game Outcome and the MOATing Effect.

Prior research indicates that when we shared a part of a social identity with others, we tend to include or exclude them from our in-group depending on their success and failure. In this research, we investigated the extent to which this strategy (i.e.

An Investigation of the Roles of Group Identification, Perceived Ability, and Evaluative Conditions in Stereotype Threat Experiences.

The Multi-Threat Framework distinguishes six qualitatively distinct stereotype threats. Up to now, few studies have been performed to identify the situational and individual determinants of different stereotype threat experiences. This study investigates the role of group identification, perceived ability, and evaluative conditions (private/public) in six stereotype threat experiences for 261 French Physical Education Students.

Working memory capacity does not always promote dual-task motor performance: The case of juggling in soccer.

The aim of this research was to refine our understanding of the role of working memory capacity (WMC) on motor performances that require attentional control in dual-task situations. Three studies were carried out on soccer players. Each participant had to perform a juggling task in both normal and dual-task conditions.

Stereotype threat and lift effects in motor task performance: the mediating role of somatic and cognitive anxiety.

The aim of this investigation was to replicate the stereotype threat and lift effects in a motor task in a neutral sex-typed activity, using somatic and cognitive anxiety as key mediators of these phenomena. It was hypothesized that an ingroup/outgroup social categorization based on gender would have distinctive effects for female and male participants. A total of 161 French physical education students were randomly assigned to three threat conditions--no threat, female threat, and male threat--thus leading to a 3 x 2 (threat by gender) design.

[Physical activity and consumption of fruits and vegetables: social representations in relation to age].

The aim of this paper is to carry out a survey and comparative analysis of social representations of physical activity and fruit and vegetables in a sample of young, adult and elderly subjects. Four "urban" areas and four "rural" areas were selected for the purposes of the investigation. The samples used to assess social representations of fruit and vegetables and physical activity included 132 and 153 participants respectively.

The influence of the "big five" factors on the demands-abilities fit in soccer academies.

The influence of the Big Five factors on the fit between demands and abilities in soccer was examined for school and boarding home domains for newcomer trainees of soccer academies. 81 male trainees from 4 academies participated in the survey (M age = 16.3 yr.

Self-reported adjustment of teenagers at soccer training centers: the Soccer Trainee Adjustment Scale.

The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire to measure adjustment of teenagers at soccer training centers, particularly newcomers. The Soccer Trainee Adjustment Scale was adapted from the Institutional Integration Scale and assesses the trainee's adjustment to operating and social activities. The scale was tested on a sample of 136 trainees from four soccer centers.

Modeling the atmospheric transport and deposition of mercury to the Great Lakes.

A special version of the NOAA HYSPLIT_4 model has been developed and used to estimate the atmospheric fate and transport of mercury in a North American modeling domain. Spatial and chemical interpolation procedures were used to expand the modeling results and provide estimates of the contribution of each source in a 1996 anthropogenic US/Canadian emissions inventory to atmospheric mercury deposition to the Great Lakes. While there are uncertainties in the emissions inventories and ambient data suitable for model evaluation are scarce, model results were found to be reasonably consistent with wet deposition measurements in the Great Lakes region and with independent measurement-based estimates of deposition to Lake Michigan.

Modeling the atmospheric transport and deposition of PCDD/F to the Great Lakes.

Atmospheric deposition is a significant loading pathway for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxin) to the Great Lakes. An innovative approach using NOAA's HYSPLIT atmospheric fate and transport model was developed to estimate the 1996 dioxin contribution to each lake from each of 5,700 point sources and 42,600 area sources in a U.S.

Modification of the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on intracranial pressure, brain water, and electrolyte content by indomethacin.

Albino rabbits with experimental brain oedema produced by a combined cryogenic left hemisphere and a metabolic 6-aminonicotinamide lesion were given indomethacin (20 mg/kg) fifteen minutes prior to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment (1 g/kg bolus). Intracranial pressure (ICP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), central venous pressure (CVP), and EEG were continuously measured while the animals were being mechanically ventilated at a constant PaCO2 (38-42 torr). At the end of the run, brain H2O and electrolytes were measured.

Intracranial hypertension and brain oedema in albino rabbits. Part 3: Effect of acute simultaneous diuretic and barbiturate therapy.

Increased intracranial pressure due to brain oedema was produced in albino rabbits by combining a cryogenic lesion in the left hemisphere with the intraperitoneal administration of 6-aminonicotinamide (cytotoxic agent). The following parameters were assessed: intracranial pressure (ICP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), central venous pressure (CVP), EEG, brain water and electrolyte content, gross pathology, and blood brain barrier integrity. Acute therapy to reduce ICP was performed by administering a bolus of mannitol (1 gm/kg) and 30 minutes later, also in bolus, frusemide (5 mg/kg).

Intracranial hypertension and brain oedema in albino rabbits. Part I: Experimental models.

Three models of experimental cerebral oedema in rabbits are described, one producing vasogenic oedema with a cold lesion, the other producing a cytotoxic cerebral oedema with a metabolic inhibitor, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-ANA), and finally a model employing in the same animal both vasogenic and cytotoxic injuries. The following parameters were assessed: behaviour, EEG, intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral elastance (Em), blood brain barrier integrity, brain water, electrolyte content, and volume change. Behaviour was normal in the cold lesion group, was abnormal following the administration of 6-ANA, and pronouncedly abnormal in animals with a combined lesion.

Intracranial hypertension and brain oedema in albino rabbits. Part 2: Effects of acute therapy with diuretics.

Increased intracranial pressure due to brain oedema was produced in albino rabbits by combining a cryogenic lesion in the left hemisphere with the intraperitoneal administration of 6-aminonicotinamide (cytotoxic agent). The most effective reduction in ICP (74%) was achieved when furosemide and mannitol were used in combination. When either mannitol or furosemide was employed alone, the average ICP reduction was approximately 53%.

Acute therapeutic modalities for experimental vasogenic edema.

Experimental vasogenic cerebral edema was created in rabbits with a cold-induced left occipital cortical lesions. Intracranial pressure (ICP), intracranial elastance (Em), water content, hemispheric brain tissue volume, electrolytes, electroencephalograms, behavior, and gross pathology were studied. Various therapeutic modalities were employed alone or in combination to reduce ICP acutely: acetazolamide, furosemide, mannitol, pentobarbital, lorazepam, and dexamethasone.