The Energetic Saver Profile From Sit-to-Stand Does Not Persist During Very Low-Intensity Physical Activity in Healthy Men and Women.

Background: It is essential to better characterize the energetic profile of individuals during very low-intensity physical activity. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether the saver profile from sit-to-stand persists during light physical activity and characterize patterns in substrate utilization from sit-to-stand and during very low-intensity physical activity in healthy men and women.

Methods: Sixty-two healthy adults (38 women) performed an experimental sequence that corresponded to 15-minute sitting (SIT1), followed by 15-minute standing (STAND), 15-minute sitting again (SIT2), and finally 15 minutes of light cycling.

The habitual degree of weight loss might be associated with specific fat and protein intakes during a period of weight maintenance in athletes used to weight variations: preliminary results from the WAVE study.

Weight variations are common in sporting life, with important inter-individual variability in the degree of an athlete's habitual weight loss. As a part of the WAVE study (NCT04107545), the main objective of this preliminary study was to determine whether the habitual degree of weight loss was associated with anthropometric, body composition, nutritional or psychometric profiles during a period of weight maintenance in athletes accustomed to weight variations. We hypothesized that athletes accustomed to a higher habitual degree of weight loss may have a higher body weight and body fat mass, and may present a more controlled diet regimen and cognitive restriction than athletes with a lower habitual degree of weight loss.

Are anti-gravity treadmills reliable to explore exercise energy metabolism at low degrees of alleviation in normal-weight male individuals?

Background: Exploring the independent effect of mechanical discharge in response to weight loss (WL) seems necessary but remains highly challenging from a methodological point. Anti-gravity treadmills could be relevant to simulate a mechanical WL by body weight support (BWS), but their reliability remains unclear to properly explore exercise energy metabolism, especially at low degrees of alleviations.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of an anti-gravity treadmill to generate BWS, and the reproducibility of cardiometabolic responses to an exercise performed at low degrees of BWS on this device.

The effectiveness of multidisciplinary weight loss interventions is associated with initial cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents with obesity.

Background: The identification of predictive parameters of the success of multidisciplinary weight loss interventions (MWLI) appears essential to optimize obesity management. The association between baseline cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and changes in anthropometric parameters and body composition during MWLI remains underexplored in adolescents with obesity.

Objectives: To assess whether baseline CRF was associated with the effectiveness of a 16-week MWLI measured through improved body mass, body mass index (BMI) and body composition (percentage of total fat mass (FM) as the main criterion).

Similar maximal aerobic capacity but lower energy efficiency during low-to-moderate exercise in women with constitutional thinness: new results from the NUTRILEAN study.

Purpose: Individuals with constitutional thinness have been presented with a lower muscular energy metabolism at the cellular level but their effective aerobic capacities and exercise-related energy efficiency remains unexplored. The present study compares maximal and sub-maximal aerobic capacities between subjects with constitutional thinness and age-matched normal-weight ones.

Methods: Anthropometric measures, body composition (Dual-X-ray absorptiometry), physical activity and sedentary time (GT3x actigraphs), and maximal aerobic capacities (cycling test) were assessed in 18 constitutionally thin (CT-body mass index < 17.

Individual variability and consistency of post-exercise energy and macronutrient intake, appetite sensations, and food reward in healthy adults.

Limited evidence is available about the variability of appetitive responses within individuals after an acute bout of exercise. The present study aimed to assess the consistency and individual variability of post-exercise appetitive responses in healthy individuals. Twenty participants (10 females, 23.

Constitutional thinness might be characterized by physiologically adapted and not impaired muscle function and architecture: new results from the NUTRILEAN study.

Purpose: While muscle mass and skeletal muscle fibers phenotype have been shown atypical in constitutional thinness (CT), force production capacities and its architectural determinants have never been explored. The present study compared muscle functionality and architecture between participants with CT and their normal-weight (NW) counterparts.

Methods: Anthropometry, body composition (Dual-X-ray Absorptiometry), physical activity/sedentary behavior (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT), ultrasound recording of the Vastus Lateralis (2D-ultrasound system), and functional capacities at maximal isometric and isokinetic voluntary contractions (MVC and MVC) during knee extension (isokinetic dynamometer chair Biodex) have been measured in 18 women with CT (body mass index < 17.

A reproducible, self-reported, field-based tool for monitoring ovarian hormone status and body weight variations in female athletes: the Answ'Her questionnaire.

Background: Intra-individual factors like ovarian hormone profiles and body weight variations may influence sports practice and performance in female athletes and need to be characterized. The "Answ'Her" questionnaire was designed to develop a relevant and reproducible field-based tool to assess self-reported ovarian hormone status (natural menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive use) and body weight variations practices among female athletes.

Methods: French females with a regular sports practice responded (once: N.

Weight regain, body composition, and metabolic responses to weight loss in weight cycling athletes: A systematic review and meta-analyses.

Depending on the nature of their sports, athletes may be engaged in successive weight loss (WL) and regain, conducing to "weight cycling." The aims of this paper were to systematically (and meta-analytically when possible) analyze the post-WL recovery of (i) body weight and (ii) fat mass; fat-free mass; and performance and metabolic responses in weight cycling athletes (18-55 years old, body mass index < 30 kg.m ).

The energy content of meals with a similar macronutrient distribution may have a greater impact on appetite sensations than food preferences in adolescents with obesity: A secondary analysis.

Purpose: The energy and macronutrient composition of a meal has been shown to influence postprandial appetitive responses, but it is not clear how energy content independent of macronutrient distribution affects postprandial appetite in adolescents with obesity. Extracting data from a primary study testing the effect of energy turnover on appetite, this secondary analysis assessed how fixed meals varying in energy content with similar macronutrient distributions influences postprandial appetite sensations and food reward.

Methods: Using a randomised, counterbalanced crossover design, N = 14 adolescents with obesity (M = 12.

Higher energy flux may improve short-term appetite control in adolescents with obesity: the NEXT study.

Recent evidence suggests better appetite control in states of high-energy flux (HEF) in adults and lean children. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether this extends to youth with obesity. This study compares the effects of low, moderate or HEF on short-term appetitive control in adolescents with obesity.

Toward an Integrated Consideration of 24 h Movement Guidelines and Nutritional Recommendations.

While physical activity, sleep and sedentary behaviors are almost always considered independently, they should be considered as integrated human behaviors. The 24 h Movement approach proposes a concomitant consideration of these behaviors to promote overall health. Not only do these behaviors impact energy expenditure, but they have also been shown to separately impact energy intake, which should be further explored when considering the entire integration of these movement behaviors under the 24 h movement approach.

Weight loss does not affect the sit-to-stand metabolic cost in adolescents with obesity.

Purpose: There is considerable interest in simple and effective methods to reduce sitting time and increase energy expenditure, and standing breaks have emerged as a realisable approach in individuals with obesity. The aim of the present study was to determine the extent to which energy expenditure in standing differs from sitting, and whether this energetic and metabolic-related responses are modified following a weight loss program in adolescents with obesity.

Methods: After body composition assessment (DXA), cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables were continuously recorded (indirect calorimetry) during 10 min while sitting and then during 5 min standing posture before (n = 21; T1) and at the end of a multidisciplinary intervention (n = 17; T2) in adolescents with obesity.

Physically active men present a healthier cardiometabolic profile in response to a balanced meal compared to inactive men.

Purpose: Post-meal cardiometabolic responses are critical for health, and may be influenced by physical activity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of habitual physical activity level on the metabolic, autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular responses to a balanced meal in healthy men.

Methods: 12 active and 12 inactive healthy males, matched for age and body composition, attended the laboratory in fasting condition.

Patterns of body weight change affect weight loss during a multidisciplinary intervention in adolescents with obesity.

Aim: The current pediatric obesity health challenge necessitates a better understanding of the factors affecting weight loss success during interventions. The aim of this observational study was to test the impact of the rate of initial weight loss and body weight variability on weight loss during a 9-month residential, multidisciplinary weight loss program in adolescents with obesity.

Methods: This retrospective study considered a whole sample of 510 adolescents with obesity (12-16 years, 435 girls).

Association of protein-energy partitioning with body weight and body composition changes in adolescents with severe obesity.

Background/objectives: Body composition and protein-energy partitioning changes are important factors of body weight regulation, but have not been studied in the context of clinical obesity treatment setting. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the pattern of body weight loss, body composition, and energy partitioning changes during a 9-month multidisciplinary weight loss program and 4-month follow up and to test the associations among these changes in adolescents with severe obesity.

Subjects/methods: Twenty-five adolescents (14.

Metabolic profile in women differs between high versus low energy spenders during a low intensity exercise on a cycle-desk.

Active-desks are emerging strategies aiming at reducing sedentary time while working. A large inter-individual variability in energy expenditure (EE) profile has been identified and has to be explored to better optimize and individualize those strategies. Thus the present study aimed at comparing the metabolic and physical profile of individuals characterized as high spenders (H-Spenders) versus low spenders (L-Spenders) based on EE during a cycle-desk low intensity exercise.

Cardiometabolic and neuromuscular analyses of the sit-to-stand transition to question its role in reducing sedentary patterns.

To counteract the detrimental health effect of sitting all day long, it has been suggested to regularly break sitting time by standing. However, while the difference in energy expenditure, neuromuscular and/or cardiovascular demand of various postures from lying, sitting, and standing is well documented, little is known regarding the dynamic changes occurring during the sit-to-stand transition itself. The aim of the present study was then to describe the cardiometabolic and neuromuscular responses from sitting to standing and specifically during the time-course of this transition.

Stand Up to Excite the Spine: Neuromuscular, Autonomic, and Cardiometabolic Responses During Motor Imagery in Standing vs. Sitting Posture.

Motor imagery (MI) for health and performance strategies has gained interest in recent decades. Nevertheless, there are still no studies that have comprehensively investigated the physiological responses during MI, and no one questions the influence of low-level contraction on these responses. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the neuromuscular, autonomic nervous system (ANS), and cardiometabolic changes associated with an acute bout of MI practice in sitting and standing condition.

Lightest weight-class athletes are at higher risk of weight regain: results from the French-Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire.

Context: Rapid weight loss (RWL) is a common precompetitive strategy used by athletes in weight-class sports and carries with it an increased risk to future cardiometabolic health. The Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire (RWLQ) is a self-reported tool designed to identify and characterize such weight loss practices.

Objectives: After developing a reliable and reproducible French version of the RWLQ (RWLQ-FR), the present study aims to analyse RWL patterns among French weight-class athletes and to point out potential relationships between such practices and risk of subsequent weight gain.

Effect of acute dietary- versus combined dietary and exercise-induced energy deficits on subsequent energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity.

Background: Acute dietary-induced energy deficits have been shown to favor compensatory appetitive responses. The aim of this study was to compare energy intake (EI), appetite sensations and the hedonic responses to equivalent energy deficits induced by dietary restriction alone and combined with exercise in adolescents with obesity.

Methods: In a within-subjects design, seventeen adolescents with obesity (12-16 years, Tanner stage 3-5, 6 males) randomly completed three 14 h conditions: (i) control (CON); (ii) deficit induced by diet only (Def-EI) and; (iii) deficit induced by combined diet and physical exercise (Def-mixed).

Effect of oral contraceptives on energy balance in women: A review of current knowledge and potential cellular mechanisms.

Body weight management is currently of major concern as the obesity epidemic is still a worldwide challenge. As women face more difficulties to lose weight than men, there is an urgent need to better understand the underlying reasons and mechanisms. Recent data have suggested that the use of oral contraceptive (OC) could be involved.