Subjective Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Dizziness and Vertigo.

Introduction: Patients with vestibular disorders sometimes report cognitive difficulties, but there is no consensus about the type or degree of cognitive complaint. We therefore investigated subjective cognitive dysfunction in a well-defined sample of neuro-otology patients and used demographic factors and scores from a measure of depression, anxiety, and stress to control for potential confounding factors.

Methods: We asked 126 neuro-otology clinic outpatients whether they experienced difficulties with thinking, memory, or concentration as a result of dizziness or vertigo.

Investigating the Effects of Seizures on Procedural Memory Performance in Patients with Epilepsy.

Memory complaints are frequently reported by patients with epilepsy and are associated with seizure occurrence. Yet, the direct effects of seizures on memory retention are difficult to assess given their unpredictability. Furthermore, previous investigations have predominantly assessed declarative memory.

Semantic and episodic memory in adults with temporal lobe epilepsy.

The primary aims were to (1) identify the factor structure of tests thought to measure semantic and episodic memory and (2) examine whether patterns of impairment would show a double dissociation between these two memory systems at an individual level in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The secondary aim was to explore the impact of epilepsy-related variables on performance. This retrospective study involved a cohort of 54 adults who had been diagnosed with TLE and had undergone a neuropsychological assessment that included four memory tests traditionally used to measure either semantic memory (picture naming, animal fluency) or episodic memory (story recall, word list recall) at a single epilepsy surgery center in Australia.

How frequently is anxiety and depression identified and treated in hospital and community samples of adults with epilepsy?

While it is often stated that psychiatric co-morbidity in PWE is under-recognized and under-treated, little research has directly examined this assertion. The aims of this study were to understand the rates of confirmed diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety in people with epilepsy (PWE). Two samples were recruited: a hospital sample of 106 adult outpatients with epilepsy who underwent a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview and a community sample of 273 PWE who completed validated measures of depression and anxiety symptoms online.

The impact of hippocampal damage on appetitive control.

Animal data indicates the hippocampus assists appetite-regulation.  We tested this in humans, contrasting two patients (DW, JC) with hippocampal damage to controls on an appetite-regulation test conducted hungry and sated.  When hungry, controls palatable snacks and reported a desire to eat them, a memory-based judgment.

Does collaboration with an intimate partner support memory performance? An exploratory case series of people with epilepsy or acquired brain injury.

Background: Intimate couples can become cognitively interdependent over time. If one member of the couple has a neurological condition with associated cognitive impairments, their partner can support or 'scaffold' their cognitive functioning through collaboration.

Objective: We explored the phenomenon of 'collaborative memory' in a case series of 9 couples in which one member had a neurological condition, specifically an acquired brain injury (ABI; n = 7) or epilepsy (n = 2).

Design and validation of two measures to detect anxiety disorders in epilepsy: The Epilepsy Anxiety Survey Instrument and its brief counterpart.

Objective: The study objective was to develop and validate the first epilepsy-specific anxiety survey instrument (Epilepsy Anxiety Survey Instrument [EASI]) alongside a briefer screening instrument to detect anxiety disorders in routine clinical practice (brEASI).

Methods: The instruments were developed utilizing a mixed-methods approach in four related studies. Pilot items were developed following qualitative interviews with people with epilepsy (PWE; Study 1) and consultation with multidisciplinary experts in anxiety and epilepsy (Study 2).

The impact of sleep characteristics and epilepsy variables on memory performance in patients with focal seizures.

Disturbed sleep can negatively affect overnight memory retention as well as new learning the subsequent day. In healthy participants, positive associations between memory performance and sleep characteristics (e.g.

A qualitative examination and theoretical model of anxiety in adults with epilepsy.

Objective: There is an elevated prevalence of anxiety disorders among people with epilepsy, and the comorbidity of anxiety in epilepsy is associated with adverse medical and psychosocial outcomes. Despite its importance, little is known about what psychosocial or epilepsy factors may be associated with the development of anxiety. The aim of this qualitative study was to determine what factors may explain why some people with epilepsy develop anxiety disorders and others do not.

Testing the effectiveness of cognitive interventions in alleviating accelerated long term forgetting (ALF).

It is well established that when retrieval or other forms of testing follow shortly after the acquisition of new information, long-term memory is improved in healthy subjects (Roediger & Karpicke, 2006). It is not known whether such early interventions would alleviate ALF, a condition in which early retention is normal, but there is a steep decline over longer intervals. A different behavioral intervention (i.

Accelerated Long Term Forgetting in patients with focal seizures: Incidence rate and contributing factors.

Background: Accelerated Long Term Forgetting (ALF) is usually defined as a memory impairment that is seen only at long delays (e.g., after days or weeks) and not at shorter delays (e.

Testing the importance of the Medial Temporal Lobes in human interoception: Does it matter if there is a memory component to the task?

Interoception is the ability to consciously perceive internal bodily states. Neuroimaging suggests that the insula (IC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) mediate interoception, while studies involving patients/animals with brain lesions suggest the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is particularly important. One reason for these contrasting conclusions may lie in the types of interoceptive task used by these different approaches.

Determining the relationship between sleep architecture, seizure variables and memory in patients with focal epilepsy.

Sleep has been shown to be important to memory. Both sleep and memory have been found to be abnormal in patients with epilepsy. In this study, we explored the effects that nocturnal epileptiform discharges and the presence of a hippocampal lesion have on sleep patterns and memory.

Disruption of learning and long-term retention of prose passages in patients with focal epilepsy.

Recent investigations of accelerated long-term forgetting, a condition in which newly acquired memory is normal initially but decays rapidly over days or weeks, indicate that multiple factors might influence whether this phenomenon is seen in patients with epilepsy. Test-based differences such as learning condition or type of memory measure (e.g.

Old dogs with new tricks: Detecting accelerated long-term forgetting by extending traditional measures.

Accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) is a condition in which normal memory performance is displayed after short delays, but significant memory loss is detected when memory is tested after several days or weeks. This condition has been reported in patients with epilepsy, but there are few normative scores available for its detection in clinical practice. In the present study, we assessed 60 healthy control subjects 18-60years of age on three memory measures [Rey Auditory Verbal Learning (RAVLT), Logical Memory (LM), and Aggie Figures] at delays of 30min and 7days.

The impact of epileptiform abnormalities and hippocampal lesions on retention of recent autobiographical experiences: Adding insult to injury?

Accelerated long term forgetting (ALF), whereby information is rapidly lost over days or weeks has been noted in patients with epileptic conditions. The present study sought to determine which clinical factors underlie such consolidation failure for recent autobiographical experiences in patients with focal epilepsy. We enrolled 21 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), with and without hippocampal lesions (TLE(+)=12; TLE(-)=9, respectively), 11 patients with extratemporal epilepsy (ETE) and 29 controls (NC).

Testing the effectiveness of group-based memory rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients.

Memory complaints are common after stroke, yet there have been very few studies of the outcome of memory rehabilitation in these patients. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a new manualised, group-based memory training programme. Forty outpatients with a single-stroke history and ongoing memory complaints were enrolled.

Perception of odor-induced tastes following insular cortex lesion.

Lesions of the insula can affect olfaction and gustation. Here, we examined the effect of insula lesions on taste and taste-like experiences generated via smelling (i.e.

Identifying cognitive and demographic variables that contribute to carer burden in dementia.

Background/aims: Carer burden has been associated with other carer-reported factors (e.g. depression), but less is known about the influence of more independent variables.

The lateralization of gustatory function and the flow of information from tongue to cortex.

Controversy surrounds whether crossed and/or uncrossed fibers carry taste information from tongue to cortex and whether there is hemispheric specialization for gustatory processing. The current study examined these issues in 14 patients with unilateral insula lesions, seven with right-sided and seven with left-sided damage, and in 42 healthy controls. Two tasks were carried out, with tastants applied unilaterally to the tongue tip: (1) taste discrimination; and (2) stimulus sampling followed by judgments of quality, intensity, hedonics and name-recognition, for sweet, salty, bitter and sour tastants.

Taste and odour-induced taste perception following unilateral lesions to the anteromedial temporal lobe and the orbitofrontal cortex.

Odour-induced tastes occur when smelling certain odours (e.g., sweet-smelling vanilla) and may represent a universal form of synaesthesia.

Examining factors related to accelerated long-term forgetting in epilepsy using ambulatory EEG monitoring.

Purpose: Some patients with epilepsy demonstrate normal memory when this is tested at relatively short intervals (e.g., 30 min), but substantial loss over longer delay periods (e.

Using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to differentiate alzheimer's dementia and behavioural variant fronto-temporal dementia.

In patients with focal lesions, patterns of learning, retrieval, and recognition deficits vary according to site of damage. Because different brain regions are affected by the underlying pathology in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and behavioral variant fronto-temporal dementia (bvFTD), one might predict that the two disorders would result in different sorts of memory deficits on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). The aim of this investigation was to find a way to differentiate AD, bvFTD, and normal controls (NC) reliably based on RAVLT scores from retrospective samples of 82 Italian and 43 Australian participants.

Improving memory in outpatients with neurological disorders using a group-based training program.

Memory problems are common in patients with a range of neurological conditions, but there have been few attempts to provide and evaluate the usefulness of memory training for groups of neurological outpatients. We used a waitlist-controlled trial design to assess the effectiveness of a newly created, 6-session intervention, which involved training in the use of compensatory strategies as well as education regarding memory function, neurological damage, sleep and lifestyle factors that have an impact on memory. Fifty-six patients with neurological conditions (e.