Self-management interventions to patients with cirrhosis: A scoping review.

Background: Self-management in chronic diseases like cirrhosis involves patients providing the necessary knowledge, skills, and confidence to enhance self-efficacy. This scoping review aims to describe the literature on self-management interventions in patients with cirrhosis to create an overview and identify key concepts and gaps in the existing literature.

Methods: Four databases (CINAHL, Embase, Medline, and Scopus) were searched from November 2022 to September 2024.

Lung volumes are increased in fetuses with transposition of the great arteries on intrauterine MRI.

Fetal brain size is decreased in some children with complex CHDs, and the distribution of blood and accompanying oxygen and nutrients is regionally skewed from early fetal life dependent on the CHD. In transposition of the great arteries, deoxygenated blood preferentially runs to the brain, whereas the more oxygenated blood is directed towards the lungs and the abdomen. Knowledge of whether this impacts intrauterine organ development is limited.

Treatment intensity level as a proxy for severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A risk stratification tool.

Background: Increasing severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with increasing risk of poor outcomes. Using health registry data, we aimed to assess the association between treatment intensity levels (TIL), as a proxy for underlying COPD severity, and long-term outcomes.

Methods: Using Danish nationwide registries, we identified patients diagnosed with COPD during 2001-2016, who were alive at index date of 1 January 2017.

Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of hepatic encephalopathy: A multicentre study.

Background & Aims: Data on the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are conflicting, and data from multicentre studies are scarce. The aim of this study was to dissect the potential association between PPI use and minimal (MHE) and overt HE (OHE).

Methods: Data from patients with cirrhosis recruited at seven centres across Europe and the US were analysed.

The social and psychological impact of hepatic encephalopathy.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a brain dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency with symptoms ranging from slight cognitive changes detectable only by neuropsychiatric testing to coma. Up to 60% of patients with cirrhosis have mild forms of HE and 35% will at some point experience overt HE. Even in its milder forms, HE impacts the patient's daily routines, self-sufficiency, quality of life, and, thereby, socio-economic status.

Cerebral Aspects of Portal Hypertension: Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Portal hypertension has cerebral consequences via its causes and complications, namely hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a common and devastating brain disturbance caused by liver insufficiency and portosystemic shunting. The pathogenesis involves hyperammonemia and systemic inflammation. Symptoms are disturbed personality and reduced attention.

Prevalence of Obesity-Related Disease in a Danish Population - The Results of an Algorithm-Based Screening Program.

Purpose: The prevalence of obesity continues to rise. People with obesity are at increased risk of several diseases. We tested an algorithm-based screening program for people with a BMI above 30 kg/m and present data on the prevalence of previously undiagnosed obesity-related diseases.

NanoImprint: A DNA methylation tool for clinical interpretation and diagnosis of common imprinting disorders using nanopore long-read sequencing.

Introduction: Long-read whole genome sequencing like Oxford Nanopore Technology, is increasingly being introduced in clinical settings. With its ability to simultaneously call sequence variation and DNA modifications including 5-methylcytosine, nanopore is a promising technology to improve diagnostics of imprinting disorders.

Methods: Currently, no tools to analyze DNA methylation patterns at known clinically relevant imprinted regions are available.

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Telemedicine is emerging and has both clinical, scientific, and political interest. In this review, we present the present literature on implementation and describe the economic considerations when implementing telemedicine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The use of telemedicine in COPD is well-received by patients, but there is little evidence to suggest its superiority to standard outpatient care or to support better outcomes for patients.

Post-Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) Hepatic Encephalopathy-A Review of the Past Decade's Literature Focusing on Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prophylaxis.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an established treatment for portal hypertension and its' complications in liver cirrhosis, yet the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) remains a significant concern. This review covers the reported incidence, risk factors, and management strategies for post-TIPS HE over the past decade. Incidence varies widely (7-61%), with factors like age, liver function, hyponatremia, and spontaneous portosystemic shunts influencing risk.

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with a higher risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy and poorer survival.

Background And Aims: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a frequent complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. Its impact on predicting the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) and survival has not been studied in large multicenter studies.

Methods: Data from patients recruited at eight centers across Europe and the United States were analyzed.

Single cell-resolved study of advanced murine MASH reveals a homeostatic pericyte signaling module.

Background & Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and marked by hepatic inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and fibrosis, impairing liver function and aggravating metabolic derangements. The liver homeostatic interactions disrupted in MASH are still poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the plasticity and changing interactions of non-parenchymal cells associated with advanced MASH.

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The Danish Health Authority recommends that all patients with life threatening disease, regardless of the diagnosis, are offered palliative care with respect for individual goals of care. Only few studies have investigated the evidence of ACP in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. This review defines ways to identify patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in need of palliative care and how to analyse the goals of care.

Steatotic liver disease is the most important somatic determinant of quality of life in patients with obesity: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: Patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are often comorbid and stigmatized. This can negatively affect quality of life (QOL). Other studies have primarily used the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ), which focuses on liver-related symptoms, to characterize QOL, but most MASLD patients have only mild liver disease, and CLDQ might overlook QOL issues pertaining to them.

Knowledge needs in patients with Liver Disease: a qualitative study.

Background: Knowledge is essential for patients' disease management strategies and a critical component of healthcare. The importance of increasing patients level of knowledge has become more widely acknowledge in liver disease management in recent years, but further studies are needed to address patients experiences of unmet knowledge needs to develop appropriate patient education strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore knowledge needs in patients' with liver disease of different etiology and severity.

Long-Term Incidence of Ischemic Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack: A Nationwide Study From 2014 to 2020.

Background: The short-term incidence of ischemic stroke after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) is high. However, data on the long-term incidence are not well known but are needed to guide preventive strategies.

Methods: Patients with first-time TIA (index date) in the Danish Stroke Registry (January 2014-December 2020) were included and matched 1:4 with individuals from the background population and 1:1 with patients with a first-time ischemic stroke on the basis of age, sex, and calendar year.

The prevalence and risk factors for cognitive impairment in obesity and NAFLD.

Background: Severe obesity may be accompanied by cognitive dysfunction and NAFLD, but the associations remain unclear. We describe the prevalence and features of cognitive dysfunction and examine the associations between cognitive dysfunction and the presence and severity of NAFLD, and the associations between cognitive dysfunction and signs of other obesity-related comorbidities and neuronal damage.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients with a body mass index of 35 kg/m2 underwent evaluation for bariatric surgery.

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Acquired hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disease in paediatric patients and in iodine-replete areas mainly due to autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Symptoms of hypothyroidism are unspecific and insidious for which reason thyroid function tests are often part of a general paediatric assessment. Consequently, only few patients present with pronounced symptoms which include a stunted growth pattern and multiorgan involvement when most extreme.