Steroidogenic Factor 1, a Goldilocks Transcription Factor from Adrenocortical Organogenesis to Malignancy.

Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1, also termed Ad4BP; NR5A1 in the official nomenclature) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the regulation of adrenal and gonadal development, function and maintenance. In addition to its classical role in regulating the expression of P450 steroid hydroxylases and other steroidogenic genes, involvement in other key processes such as cell survival/proliferation and cytoskeleton dynamics have also been highlighted for SF-1. SF-1 has a restricted pattern of expression, being expressed along the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and in steroidogenic organs since the time of their establishment.

Abundance of Dual Specificity Phosphatase (DUSP) 1 and DUSP6 mRNA Is Regulated by Hippo Signaling in Bovine Pre-ovulatory Granulosa Cells.

Ovulatory disorders are a major cause of infertility in humans as well as economically important species. In physiological conditions, the LH surge induces the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligands that activate the EGR receptor (EGFR) and subsequently the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The magnitude and duration of MAPK phosphorylation are regulated by dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs).

Endothelial cell-derived fibroblast growth factor-18 regulates ovarian function in sheep.

Increasing the efficiency of farm animal reproduction is necessary to reduce the environmental impact of food production systems. One approach is to increase the number of healthy eggs (oocytes) produced per female for fertilization, thus it is important to understand factors that decrease oocyte health. One paracrine factor that decreases ovarian follicle growth is fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) secreted by cells in the theca layer of the ovarian follicle, however the factors that regulate FGF18 secretion are unknown.

Regulation of dual specificity phosphatases by fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways in bovine granulosa cells.

Controling the duration and amplitude of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is an important element in deciding cell fate. One group of intracellular negative regulators of MAPK activity is a subfamily of the dual specificity phosphatase (DUSP) superfamily, of which up to 16 members have been described in the ovarian granulosa cells. Growth factors stimulate proliferation of granulosa cells through MAPK, protein kinase C (PKC), and AKT pathways, although it is not known which pathways control DUSP expression in these cells.

Dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) mRNA and protein abundance is regulated by fibroblast growth factor 2 in sheep granulosa cells and inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase (MAPK8) phosphorylation.

Growth factors regulate ovarian follicle development and they signal through intracellular pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, which is negatively regulated by a subfamily of 23 dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSP). Using sheep granulosa cells as a model, we detected mRNA encoding 16 DUSPs in vivo and in vitro. Stimulation of cells in vitro with FGF2 increased (p < 0.

Regulation of the early growth response-1 binding protein NAB2 in bovine granulosa cells and effect on connective tissue growth factor expression.

Ovarian fibrosis is associated with increased expression of the transcription factor, Early growth response-1 (EGR1) and connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) in granulosa cells. The transcriptional activity of EGR1 is under negative feedback control by NAB1 and NAB2, but little is known about NAB expression in granulosa cells. Using a well-defined bovine in-vitro granulosa cell model, we show that NAB2 but not NAB1 mRNA is upregulated by fibroblast growth factor (FGF)1 and FGF2, but not by FGF4 or FGF8b.

Choice of protocol for the in vivo bioassay of equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG / PMSG) in immature female rats.

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) previously known as Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) has been used for decades in regulating reproduction in various domestic animal species. Its use necessitates a good measurement of its bioactivity in commercial preparations. The EUROPEAN PHARMACOPEIA (EP 7.

Low reversibility of intracellular cAMP accumulation in mouse Leydig tumor cells (MLTC-1) stimulated by human Luteinizing Hormone (hLH) and Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG).

In order to study the intracellular cAMP response kinetics of Leydig cells to hormones with LH activity, we used MLTC-1 cells transiently expressing a chimeric cAMP-responsive luciferase so that real-time variations of intracellular cAMP concentration could be followed using oxiluciferin luminescence produced from catalyzed luciferin oxidation. The potencies of the different LHs and CGs were evaluated using areas under the curves (AUC) of their kinetics over 60 min stimulation. All mammalian LHs and CGs tested were found to stimulate cAMP accumulation in these cells.