Complete resolution of restless legs syndrome following ischemic stroke of the right middle cerebral artery.

Stroke-related restless legs syndrome (sRLS) is an emerging clinical entity, with a clear relationship between stroke and the occurrence of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Dopamine dysregulation has been observed in sRLS of the lenticulostriate region with increased dopamine precursor and decreased dopamine transporter. The aim of this work is to explore an original case of regressive RLS following stroke.

The peripheral nerve: A neglected topic in Charcot's neurological work.

Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) did not show much interest in the peripheral nervous system and its associated pathologies. He found it difficult to place the peripheral nerve within his classification of disorders; it appeared to be an exception to his theories. Even the pathology that he described in 1886 with Pierre Marie (1853-1940), at the same time as Henry Tooth (1856-1925), and which is now known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, was considered by Charcot to be a potential myelopathy.

Charcot and Léon Daudet and Charcot: A missed love story?

Biographies, articles, and meetings devoted to the founder of modern neurology, Jean-Martin Charcot, are typically dithyrambic, if not hagiographic. It seems that the striking professional and familial qualities of Charcot have erased any other characteristic of the person, and scratches on the Master image commonly have not been well accepted. With this in mind, it is interesting to present and evaluate the rather negative opinions on Charcot by the famous French writer Léon Daudet, who initially was very close to the Charcots through his father, Alphonse Daudet, and who wrote rather extensively on Charcot in his diary and memoirs.

[Anatomy of memory].

ANATOMY OF MEMORY. Memory phenomena involve neuron circuits and neurogenesis processes at the microscopic level. Nevertheless, the central role played by some key structures such as the hippocampus and the limbic lobe requires a good knowledge of their macroscopic anatomy.

Are 3D-printed anatomical models of the ear effective for teaching anatomy? A comparative pilot study versus cadaveric models.

Purpose: Despite the combination of chalkboard lectures and cadaveric models, the ear remains a complex anatomical structure that is difficult for medical students to grasp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of a 3D-printed ear model for educating undergraduate medical students by comparing it with a conventional cadaveric model.

Methods: Models of the ear comprising the outer ear, tympanic membrane, ossicles and inner ear were modeled and then 3D-printed at 6:1 and 10:1 scales based on cadaveric dissection and CT, cone-beam CT and micro/nano CT scans.

Terminal Care in Parkinson's Disease: Real-Life Use of Continuous Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion to Improve Patient Comfort.

Background: There are currently no recommendations on the therapeutic management of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients at the end of life.

Objective: To describe a cohort of patients with PD who benefited from continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) initiation at the end of their life as comfort care.

Methods: This real-life cohort includes 14 PD patients, who benefited from 24-h, low-dose CSAI (0.

3D printing as a pedagogical tool for teaching normal human anatomy: a systematic review.

Background: Three-dimensional-printed anatomical models (3DPAMs) appear to be a relevant tool due to their educational value and their feasibility. The objectives of this review were to describe and analyse the methods utilised for creating 3DPAMs used in teaching human anatomy and for evaluating its pedagogical contribution.

Methods: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed using the following terms: education, school, learning, teaching, learn, teach, educational, three-dimensional, 3D, 3-dimensional, printing, printed, print, anatomy, anatomical, anatomically, and anatomic.

Motivational and cognitive predictors of apathy after subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Postoperative apathy is a frequent symptom in Parkinson's disease patients who have undergone bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. Two main hypotheses for postoperative apathy have been suggested: (i) dopaminergic withdrawal syndrome relative to postoperative dopaminergic drug tapering; and (ii) direct effect of chronic stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. The primary objective of our study was to describe preoperative and 1-year postoperative apathy in Parkinson's disease patients who underwent chronic bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus.

Apathy in Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Patterns and Neurobiological Basis.

Apathy is commonly defined as a loss of motivation leading to a reduction in goal-directed behaviors. This multidimensional syndrome, which includes cognitive, emotional and behavioral components, is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric features of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been established that the prevalence of apathy increases as PD progresses.

Beasts and Gods: Hippocampal quarrels before memory.

The first description and naming of the hippocampus is usually credited to Arantius (c. 1530 - 1589), whose comparison of the swelling inside the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle to a seahorse (hippocampus) or silkworm (bombyx) was published in the 1587 edition of the Anatomicarum Observationum Liber. However, in the 17 century, the term hippocampus was rarely used and its precise anatomy remained a mystery.

Treatments in Neurology: The Winding Road from 1897 to 2022.

Background: For many years, neurology was seen as a purely observational discipline, focused on pathology and with little interest in treatments.

Summary: From the creation in 1897 of Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie, the forebear of European Neurology, to nowadays, there have been great changes in the paradigms and concepts of treatments in neurology. We present an overview of the evolution of neurological treatments from 1897 to 2022.

[Neurological shoulder pain and weakness : practical attitudes].

Shoulder pain or paresis should be assessed carefully, as there are many possible causes, which can be osteoarticular, degenerative, inflammatory, or neurological. Weakness or pain can be related to cervicobrachialgia, plexitis, or focal mononeuropathy. The clinical picture should identify any muscular or mechanical origin of paresis responsible for pseudo-paretic functional limitation.

Quantification of Head Tremors in Medical Conditions: A Comparison of Analyses Using a 2D Video Camera and a 3D Wireless Inertial Motion Unit.

This study compares two methods to quantify the amplitude and frequency of head movements in patients with head tremor: one based on video-based motion analysis, and the other using a miniature wireless inertial magnetic motion unit (IMMU). Concomitant with the clinical assessment of head tremor severity, head linear displacements in the frontal plane and head angular displacements in three dimensions were obtained simultaneously in forty-nine patients using one video camera and an IMMU in three experimental conditions while sitting (at rest, counting backward, and with arms extended). Head tremor amplitude was quantified along/around each axis, and head tremor frequency was analyzed in the frequency and time-frequency domains.

Stroke-related restless legs syndrome: Clinical and anatomo-functional characterization of an emerging entity.

Background And Purpose: Stroke-related restless legs syndrome (sRLS) secondary to ischemic lesions is an emerging entity and an interesting condition, but there are limited available data to help us further understand its underlying pathways. In this study, we characterized sRLS clinically, neuroanatomically and functionally.

Methods: Consecutive patients hospitalized in the Stroke Unit of the University Hospital of Strasbourg were assessed clinically and electrophysiologically for sRLS characteristics.

Lower Cranial Nerve Palsies in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A 10-Case Series of Intensive Care Unit Patients.

Introduction: A number of neurological complications of COVID-19 have been identified, including cranial nerve paralyses. We present a series of 10 patients with lower cranial nerve involvement after severe COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalization in an intensive care unit.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study of patients admitted to the post-intensive care unit (p-ICU) of Besançon University Hospital (France) between March 16 and May 22, 2020.

Botulinum Toxin in WW2 German and Allied Armies: Failures and Myths of Weaponization.

Botulinum toxin is nowadays approved as an effective medication for various neurological disorders. The extreme toxicity of this toxin-inducing botulism, a severe lethal muscle-paralyzing illness, has been well known since the seminal works of the end of the 19th century. Because of this toxicity, botulinum toxin was one of the first agents to be considered for use as a biological weapon.

Dose per muscle in cervical dystonia: pooled data from seven movement disorder centres.

Aim Of Study: Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) injections are the established treatment in cervical dystonia (CD). But clinical practice regarding the choice of muscles into which injections are made varies between centres. Until now, there have been no dose-per-muscle recommendations based on 'searching the dose' clinical trial data.

Anatomo-sonographic identification of the longissimus capitis and splenius cervicis muscles: principles for possible application to ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections in cervical dystonia.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to define and verify anatomo-sonographic landmarks for ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin into the longissimus capitis (LC) and splenius cervicis (SC) muscles.

Methods And Results: After a preliminary work of anatomical description of the LC and SC muscles, we identified these muscles on two cadavers and then on a healthy volunteer using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to establish a radio-anatomical correlation. We defined an anatomo-sonographic landmark for the injection of each of these muscles.

The Babinski sign in Renaissance paintings-a reappraisal of the toe phenomenon in representations of the Christ Child: observational analysis.

Objective: To investigate systematically the presence of the Babinski sign in paintings of the Christ Child by the greatest painters of the Renaissance.

Design: Observational analysis.

Setting: Large collection of paintings depicting the Christ Child from Flemish, Rhenish, and Italian schools between 1400 and 1550 CE, searched using published catalogues and Google.

Multifocal Motor Neuropathy with Persistent Conduction Block: The Seminal Case.

Although multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is now recognized as a distinct, albeit rare, neurological condition, the path to its recognition was long and winding. This article provides an insight into the medical history of MMN "patient zero" and the first scientific publication that led to the recognition of MMN by the medical community. Multifocal motor neuropathy is nowadays recognized as a disease that produces asymmetric muscle weakness and cramping, with spontaneous motor unit activity (fasciculations and myokymia) but without sensory disorder.

Tremor in Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia - Possible Implications for Botulinum Toxin Treatment Considering the Col-Cap Classification.

Background: Tremor is an important phenotypic feature of dystonia. Using the new concept (Col-Cap) of classification we examined the frequency of tremor in cervical dystonia (CD) patients, their main subtypes and muscles injected.

Methods: In this large study conducted at multiple movement disorder centres in Europe and India, between January and June 2019, we examined 293 patients with idiopathic CD who were all treated with botulinum toxin (BTX).