Challenges and strategies for sustainable and resilient immunization systems in sub-Saharan Africa: A comprehensive scoping review.

Background: Immunization is pivotal for health-related sustainable development, necessitating resilient and sustainable immunization systems. This scoping review explores challenges and strategies for sustained vaccine uptake in the new Decade of Vaccines (2021-2030) within sub-Saharan Africa, encompassing routine and non-routine vaccines.

Methods: The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology to examine English-language articles published from January 01, 2021, to May 29, 2023.

Stable Hairpin Structures Formed by Xylose-Based Nucleic Acids.

Xenobiology explores synthetic nucleic acid polymers as alternative carriers of genetic information to expand the central dogma. The xylo- and deoxyxylo-nucleic acids (XyNA and dXyNA), containing 3' epimers of riboses and deoxyriboses, are considered to be potential candidates for an orthogonal system. In this study, thermal and spectroscopic analyses show that XyNA and dXyNA form stable hairpins.