Empirical antifungal therapy for health care-associated intra-abdominal infection: a retrospective, multicentre and comparative study.

Background: Current guidelines recommend using antifungals for selected patients with health care-associated intra-abdominal infection (HC-IAI), but this recommendation is based on a weak evidence. This study aimed to assess the association between early empirical use of antifungals and outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) adult patients requiring re-intervention after abdominal surgery.

Methods: A retrospective, multicentre cohort study with overlap propensity score weighting was conducted in three ICUs located in three medical institutions in France.

The duration discrimination respiratory task: A new test to measure respiratory interoceptive accuracy.

Interoception, which refers to the perception of body's internal state, is implicated in emotional processes and psychopathological disorders. Over the last decades, different tools have been developed to measure interoceptive accuracy, or the ability to accurately perceive physiological signals. Most of these tools have focused on cardiac interoception, but respiratory interoception has been less investigated due to the more complex and less portable equipment required.

Enhancing OSA Assessment with Explainable AI.

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) is a rapidly growing field that focuses on making deep learning models interpretable and understandable to human decision-makers. In this study, we introduce xAAEnet, a novel xAI model applied to the assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) severity. OSA is a prevalent sleep disorder that can lead to numerous medical conditions and is currently assessed using the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI).

The role of semantic assessment in the differential diagnosis between late-life depression and Alzheimer's disease or amnestic mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Object: The cognitive complaints encountered in late-life depression (LLD) make it difficult to distinguish from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on an analysis of neurocognitive disorders. The hypothesis of the early impairment of semantic memory in AD and aMCI is considered a potential differential cognitive clue, but the absence of this impairment has not yet been confirmed in  LLD.

Method: Based on the PRISMA method, we systematically seek neuropsychological assessments of individuals with LLD, the present study included 31 studies representing 3291 controls and 2820 people with LLD.

Case Report: Intercurrent infections in COVID-19-induced sustained immunodepression: is interferon gamma a suitable drug?

Acute immuno-depression syndrome (AIDs) had been observed in many life-threatening conditions leading to the Intensive Care Unit. and is associated with recurrent secondary infections. We report one COVID-19 patient with a severe ARDS, demonstrating acute immunodepression syndrome lasting for several weeks.

Barotrauma in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: retrospective analysis of the COVADIS prospective multicenter observational database.

Background: Despite evidence suggesting a higher risk of barotrauma during COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared to ARDS due to other causes, data are limited about possible associations with patient characteristics, ventilation strategy, and survival.

Methods: This prospective observational multicenter study included consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and managed at any of 12 centers in France and Belgium between March and December 2020. The primary objective was to determine whether barotrauma was associated with ICU mortality (censored on day 90), and the secondary objective was to identify factors associated with barotrauma.

Executive Profile of the Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia: Comparison with the Semantic and Non-Fluent Variants and Alzheimer's Disease.

The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) shows different features from the non-fluent (nfvPPA) and semantic (svPPA) variants of PPA. Although language impairments remain the core symptoms, studies have highlighted the presence of executive disorders at the onset of the disease. Nevertheless, the results are contradictory, particularly in lvPPA.

Physiological reactivity at rest and in response to social or emotional stimuli after a traumatic brain injury: A systematic review.

Unlabelled: Numerous studies have shown that alterations in physiological reactivity (PR) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are possibly associated with emotional deficits. We conducted a systematic review of these studies that evaluated PR in adults with moderate-to-severe TBI, either at rest or in response to emotional, stressful, or social stimuli. We focused on the most common measures of physiological response, including heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), electrodermal activity (EDA), salivary cortisol, facial electromyography (EMG), and blink reflex.

Biases in BCI experiments: Do we really need to balance stimulus properties across categories?

Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) consist of an interaction between humans and computers with a specific mean of communication, such as voice, gestures, or even brain signals that are usually recorded by an Electroencephalogram (EEG). To ensure an optimal interaction, the BCI algorithm typically involves the classification of the input signals into predefined task-specific categories. However, a recurrent problem is that the classifier can easily be biased by uncontrolled experimental conditions, namely covariates, that are unbalanced across the categories.

Electrophysiological correlates of attentional bias towards threat in children with high levels of social anxiety.

Pediatric social anxiety is characterized by attentional biases (AB) towards social threats. This study used a new response-based calculation method to assess AB from response times (RT) in a visual dot-probe task and electroencephalography (EEG) to explore its electrophysiological correlates. Twenty, high socially anxious children (HSA) (mean [M ] = 10.

Septic Shock: Phenotypes and Outcomes.

Introduction: Sepsis is a heterogeneous syndrome that results in life-threatening organ dysfunction. Our goal was to determine the relevant variables and patient phenotypes to use in predicting sepsis outcomes.

Methods: We performed an ancillary study concerning 119 patients with septic shock at intensive care unit (ICU) admittance (T0).

Normative Data for Healthy French-Speaking Persons Aged 80 Years and Older for the DTLA Language Screening Test.

Unlabelled: The Detection Test for Language Impairments in Adults and the Aged (DTLA) is a quick, sensitive, and standardized screening test designed to assess language disorders in adults and elderly people. The test was specifically developed to detect linguistic impairment associated with major neurocognitive disorders. In 2017, we established normative data on 545 healthy individuals between 50 and 80 years old from four French-speaking countries: Belgium, Canada (Quebec), France, and Switzerland.

French Adaptation of the Brief Irritability Test: Factor Structure, Psychometric Properties, and Relationship with Depressive Symptoms.

The Brief Irritability Test (BITe, Holtzman et al., 2014) is a brief, reliable, and valid self-report measure of irritability. Despite the growing interest to understand the underlying causes and consequences of irritability, this questionnaire has not been developed and validated for a French-speaking population yet.

Neural responses associated with attentional engagement and disengagement from threat in high socially anxious children: Evidence from temporal-spatial PCA.

Background: Cognitive models indicated that social anxiety disorder (SAD) would be caused and maintained by a biased attentional processing of threatening information. This study investigates whether socially anxious children may present impaired attentional engagement and disengagement from negative emotional faces, as well as their underlying event-related potential responses.

Methods And Findings: Fifteen children with high levels of social anxiety (HSA; 9 boys; mean age = 9.

Covert Attention to Gestures Is Sufficient for Information Uptake.

Numerous studies have explored the benefit of iconic gestures in speech comprehension. However, only few studies have investigated how visual attention was allocated to these gestures in the context of clear versus degraded speech and the way information is extracted for enhancing comprehension. This study aimed to explore the effect of iconic gestures on comprehension and whether fixating the gesture is required for information extraction.

Late-Life Depression, Cognitive Impairment, and Relationship with Alzheimer's Disease.

This narrative review aimed to explore the existing knowledge in order to examine the multiple forms of late-life depression (LLD) within a non-neurodegenerative or a neurodegenerative context, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review will first provide information about different pathogenic hypotheses proposed to describe LLD when it is not linked to a neurodegenerative context. Within the presentation of these syndromes, the literature reports thymic and cognitive specific features and highlights a common preponderance of cognitive impairment, and particularly executive.

Rehabilitation of language processing disorders in bilingual patients with Alzheimer's disease.

We studied language information processing abilities in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who were bilingual (French and dialectical Arabic). The results show a disruption of certain semantic aspects of their mother tongue (L1); a process based on the lexical implications of terms and continuity. On the other hand, grammatical levels appeared to be relatively unaffected in oral speech in L1 but were disturbed in the second language (L2).

Perceptual and Interoceptive Strength Norms for 270 French Words.

Perceptual experience through the five modalities (i.e., vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell) has demonstrated its key role in semantics.

Influence of Psychological Vulnerability Factors for Bipolar Disorders on a Semantic Mediated Priming Task.

Hypomanic personality, hyperthymic temperament and irritable temperament are considered as psychological vulnerability factors to bipolar disorders. Semantic memory is impaired in bipolar patients. Spreading activation is among the probable candidates for accounting this impairment.

The Role of Iconic Gestures in Speech Comprehension: An Overview of Various Methodologies.

Iconic gesture-speech integration is a relatively recent field of investigation with numerous researchers studying its various aspects. The results obtained are just as diverse. The definition of iconic gestures is often overlooked in the interpretations of results.

Eye-tracking exploration of inhibitory control in post-traumatic stress disorder: an emotional antisaccade paradigm.

: Cognitive-behavioural studies among individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have highlighted attentional biases towards threats as a key factor in the maintenance of the disorder. Anxiety-related studies have hypothesized that attentional biases were due to attentional control difficulties in inhibition and flexibility of threatening information. : Because it remains unclear how this theory could be applied to PTSD, this study aims to evaluate the inhibitory control and flexibility abilities of negative and threatening information in this population, using eye-tracking technology.

Awake prone positioning for hypoxaemic respiratory failure: past, COVID-19 and perspectives.

Prone positioning reduces mortality in the management of intubated patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. It allows improvement in oxygenation by improving ventilation/perfusion ratio mismatching.Because of its positive physiological effects, prone positioning has also been tested in non-intubated, spontaneously breathing patients, or "awake" prone positioning.

Identifying Clinical Phenotypes in Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Related to COVID-19: The COVADIS Study.

Different phenotypes have been identified in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Existence of several phenotypes in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related acute respiratory distress syndrome is unknown. We sought to identify different phenotypes of patients with moderate to severe ARDS related to COVID-19.