Cost-effectiveness of trans-nasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation vs arterial embolisation for intractable epistaxis: Long-term analyses.

Objectives: Trans-nasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation (TESPAL) and endovascular arterial embolisation both provide excellent success rates for intractable epistaxis. Recent economic models suggest that TESPAL could be a cost-saving strategy. Our main aim was to perform cost-effectiveness analyses on TESPAL compared with embolisation to treat patients with epistaxis.