In Vitro Assessment of the Neuroprotective Effects of Pomegranate ( L.) Polyphenols Against Tau Phosphorylation, Neuroinflammation, and Oxidative Stress.

Background: Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, at both the systemic and the central level, are critical early events in atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Purpose: To investigate the oxidative stress-, inflammation-, and Tau-phosphorylation-lowering effects of pomegranate polyphenols (PPs) (punicalagin, ellagic acid, peel, and aril extracts).

Methods: We used flow cytometry to quantify the protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10) in THP-1 macrophages, as well as M1/M2 cell-specific marker (CD86 and CD163) expression in human microglia HMC3 cells.

Early-life adversity predicting the incidence of multisite chronic pain in the general population.

Introduction: Adverse childhood events (ACEs) have been linked to widespread chronic pain (CP) in various cross-sectional studies, mainly in clinical populations. However, the independent role of different ACEs on the development of different types of CP remains elusive. Accordingly, we aimed to prospectively assess the associations between specific types of ACEs with the development of multisite CP in a large population-based cohort.

Deciphering the physiopathology of neurodevelopmental disorders using brain organoids.

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) encompass a range of conditions marked by abnormal brain development in conjunction with impaired cognitive, emotional, and behavioural functions. Transgenic animal models, mainly rodents, traditionally served as key tools for deciphering the molecular mechanisms driving NDD physiopathology, and significantly contributed to the development of pharmacological interventions aimed at treating these disorders. However, the efficacy of these treatments in humans has proven to be limited, due in part to the intrinsic constraint of animal models to recapitulate the complex development and structure of the human brain but also to the phenotypic heterogeneity found between affected individuals.

Assessing tissue mechanical properties: Development of a custom-made tensile device and application on rodents sciatic nerves.

The development of biomaterials such as synthetic scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration requires a precise knowledge of the mechanical properties of the nerve in physiological-like conditions. Mechanical properties (Young's modulus, maximum stress and strain at break) for peripheral nerves are scarce and large discrepancies are observed in between reports. This is due in part to the absence of a robust testing device for nerves.

Pseudobulbar Affect in an Elderly Female With Small Vessel Ischemic Disease and Alcohol Abuse Disorder: A Case Report.

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent, inappropriate, and involuntary outbursts of emotion, primarily crying and laughter, which are dissociated from the individual's emotional experience. The precise underlying cause of PBA remains unknown; however, existing evidence suggests the involvement of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission within the corticopontine-cerebellar pathways responsible for regulating the motor expression of emotions. Additionally, PBA has been observed to co-occur with other neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders.

Children mandibular fractures: Epidemiological and anatomo-clinical aspects.

Introduction: Maxillofacial trauma in children is uncommon, accounting for between 1 % and 14 % of all facial trauma in the general population.

Objective: To describe the epidemiological and anatomical-clinical aspects of mandibular fractures in children.

Material And Method: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic accidental sampling.

A neuron-specific microexon ablates the novel DNA-binding function of a histone H3K4me0 reader PHF21A.

How cell-type-specific chromatin landscapes emerge and progress during metazoan ontogenesis remains an important question. Transcription factors are expressed in a cell-type-specific manner and recruit chromatin-regulatory machinery to specific genomic loci. In contrast, chromatin-regulatory proteins are expressed broadly and are assumed to exert the same intrinsic function across cell types.

Viruses - a major cause of amyloid deposition in the brain.

Introduction: Clinically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a syndrome with a spectrum of various cognitive disorders. There is a complete dissociation between the pathology and the clinical presentation. Therefore, we need a disruptive new approach to be able to prevent and treat AD.

Psychiatric disorders, personality traits, and childhood traumatic events predicting incidence and persistence of chronic pain: results from the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study.

Chronic pain (CP) is often accompanied by mental disorders (MDs). However, little is known concerning the long-term effect of MDs, personality traits, and early-life traumatic events (ETEs) on CP course. Accordingly, we aimed to prospectively assess the associations of major depressive disorders (MDDs), anxiety disorders, personality traits, and ETEs with the incidence and the persistence of CP in middle-aged and older community dwellers.

Distinct regulatory functions and biological roles of lncRNA splice variants.

Alternative splicing (AS) of RNA molecules is a key contributor to transcriptome diversity. In humans, 90%-95% of multi-exon genes produce alternatively spliced RNA transcripts. Therefore, every single gene has the opportunity of producing multiple splice variants, including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes that undergo RNA maturation steps such as conventional and alternative splicing.

Executive Profile of the Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia: Comparison with the Semantic and Non-Fluent Variants and Alzheimer's Disease.

The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) shows different features from the non-fluent (nfvPPA) and semantic (svPPA) variants of PPA. Although language impairments remain the core symptoms, studies have highlighted the presence of executive disorders at the onset of the disease. Nevertheless, the results are contradictory, particularly in lvPPA.

Re-evaluating the impact of alternative RNA splicing on proteomic diversity.

Alternative splicing (AS) constitutes a mechanism by which protein-coding genes and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes produce more than a single mature transcript. From plants to humans, AS is a powerful process that increases transcriptome complexity. Importantly, splice variants produced from AS can potentially encode for distinct protein isoforms which can lose or gain specific domains and, hence, differ in their functional properties.

Decoupling of mRNA and Protein Expression in Aging Brains Reveals the Age-Dependent Adaptation of Specific Gene Subsets.

During aging, changes in gene expression are associated with a decline in physical and cognitive abilities. Here, we investigate the connection between changes in mRNA and protein expression in the brain by comparing the transcriptome and proteome of the mouse cortex during aging. Our transcriptomic analysis revealed that aging mainly triggers gene activation in the cortex.

SNP4OrphanSpecies: A bioinformatics pipeline to isolate molecular markers for studying genetic diversity of orphan species.

Background: For several decades, an increase in disease or pest emergences due to anthropogenic introduction or environmental changes has been recorded. This increase leads to serious threats to the genetic and species diversity of numerous ecosystems. Many of these events involve species with poor or no genomic resources (called here "orphan species").

Anxiety symptoms during COVID-19 in older adults with psychiatric disorders.

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, older people and patients with psychiatric disorders had an increased risk of being isolated. The French National Authority for Health has recommended a reinforced follow-up of these patients. Cross-sectional studies reported an increased risk of developing anxiety and depression during pandemic.

[Anxiety, depression and coping evolution during the Covid-19 pandemic in older people with psychiatric diseases].

Introduction: Lockdown over the Covid-19 pandemic might have had a major impact on people's mental health. The present longitudinal study was aimed to explore the impact of the two first lockdowns on anxious and depressive symptoms of older subjects suffering from psychiatric disorders and to highlight their strategies to cope with the stress induced by these lockdowns.

Methods: Twenty-one outpatients from psychogeriatric units benefited from a follow-up visit phone.

Functional Characterization of a Phf8 Processed Pseudogene in the Mouse Genome.

Most pseudogenes are generated when an RNA transcript is reverse-transcribed and integrated into the genome at a new location. Pseudogenes are often considered as an imperfect and silent copy of a functional gene because of the accumulation of numerous mutations in their sequence. Here we report the presence of , a retrotransposed pseudogene in the mouse genome, which has no disruptions in its coding sequence.

Detection of early-universe gravitational-wave signatures and fundamental physics.

Detection of a gravitational-wave signal of non-astrophysical origin would be a landmark discovery, potentially providing a significant clue to some of our most basic, big-picture scientific questions about the Universe. In this white paper, we survey the leading early-Universe mechanisms that may produce a detectable signal-including inflation, phase transitions, topological defects, as well as primordial black holes-and highlight the connections to fundamental physics. We review the complementarity with collider searches for new physics, and multimessenger probes of the large-scale structure of the Universe.

Interaction Mechanism Between the HSV-1 Glycoprotein B and the Antimicrobial Peptide Amyloid-β.

Background: Unravelling the mystery of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires urgent resolution given the worldwide increase of the aging population. There is a growing concern that the current leading AD hypothesis, the amyloid cascade hypothesis, does not stand up to validation with respect to emerging new data. Indeed, several paradoxes are being discussed in the literature, for instance, both the deposition of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles could occur within the brain without any cognitive pathology.

PET scatter estimation using deep learning U-Net architecture.

Positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction needs to be corrected for scatter in order to produce quantitatively accurate images. Scatter correction is traditionally achieved by incorporating an estimated scatter sinogram into the forward model during image reconstruction. Existing scatter estimated methods compromise between accuracy and computing time.

LAMP for in-field quantitative assessments of airborne grapevine downy mildew inoculum.

Aims: Cheap, rapid tools for measuring emissions of Plasmopara viticola sporangia directly in the field are required to protect grapevines efficiently and sustainably against downy mildew. To this end, we adapted an existing loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) protocol based on ITS2 sequences, coupled with a rotating-arm sampler and simple cell lysis, for the in-field measurement of airborne sporangia of P. viticola.