1 Year Surgical Outcomes and Safety of Combined Trans Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Iris Fixated Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens for Subluxated Intraocular Lens and Cataracts.

Importance/background: To describe the characteristics and 1-year postoperative surgical outcomes of primary combined trans pars plana vitrectomy (TPPV) with iris-fixated posterior-chamber intraocular lens (IF-PCIOL) implantation for subluxated cataracts and intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods: Consecutive cases of significantly subluxated cataracts and IOLs from January 2014 to May 2019 were included in this retrospective case series.

Results: A total of 103 eyes of 103 patients were included.

Association of macular and choroidal perfusion with long-term visual outcomes after macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Background/aims: To examine the relationship between macular perfusion, as assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and long-term visual outcome after surgical repair of macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: A prospective study of 29 patients who had undergone successful surgical repair of macula-off RRD. OCTA imaging was performed at month 3 and repeated at months 6 and 12 after surgery.

25-years Trends and Risk factors related to Surgical Outcomes of Giant Retinal Tear-Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments.

To describe the 25-year surgical trends, long-term outcomes and risk factors affecting the outcomes of giant retinal tear-related rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (GRT-RRD). Patients' demographics, pre-operative characteristics, risk factors, operative procedures and post-operative outcomes were collected and divided into three groups - Group A: 1991 to 2015 (overall); Group B: 1991 to 2005, and Group C: 2006 to 2015. Functional and anatomical successes were monitored over a 5-year period.

MRI of posterior eye shape and its associations with myopia and ethnicity.

Purpose: To evaluate posterior eye shape variations across a wide refractive error range using brain MRI in a multiethnic cohort.

Methods: Adult subjects in the multiethnic Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease study were included. Spherical equivalent (SE) was measured using subjective refraction, and axial length (AL) was measured using optical biometry.

Retinal Vascular Oxygen Saturation and Its Variation With Refractive Error and Axial Length.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationships between refractive error, axial length (AL), and retinal vascular oxygen saturation in an adult population.

Methods: This was a hospital-based, prospective observational study. The left eyes of phakic adult subjects without media opacity were analyzed.

Diet and risk of myopia in three-year-old Singapore children: the GUSTO cohort.

Background: To investigate the relationship between dietary intakes at six, nine and 12 months and risk of myopia in three-year-old children in a birth cohort.

Methods: Three hundred and seventeen children from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study were included. Dietary intake at six, nine and 12 months of age was ascertained using either 24-hour recalls or three-day food diaries completed by parents.

Retinal Vessel Geometry and the Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To analyze the associations between retinal vessel geometry and the 1-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a Chinese population.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of adult subjects with diabetes mellitus. Retinal vascular geometry was quantified from fundus photographs using a semiautomated computer-assisted program.

Dynamic Responses in Retinal Vessel Caliber With Flicker Light Stimulation and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Progression.

Purpose: This study investigated the associations between the responses of retinal vessels to flickering light and the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: A prospective cohort study of adult subjects with diabetes mellitus. The dynamic vessel analyser (DVA) was used to measure retinal vascular dilatation in response to diffuse illuminance flicker.

Conversion to aflibercept for diabetic macular edema unresponsive to ranibizumab or bevacizumab.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) unresponsive to ranibizumab or bevacizumab would benefit from conversion to aflibercept.

Methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective chart review of subjects with DME unresponsive to ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab and subsequently converted to aflibercept.

Results: In total, 21 eyes from 19 subjects of mean age 62±15 years were included.

Comparison of swept source optical coherence tomography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Background: Swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT, Topcon Medical System, Japan) is known to have longer wavelength than spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT, Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany), allowing a deeper penetration into retina and choroidal layers. This objective of this study was to compare the visibility of retinal and choroidal features in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) using SS-OCT and SD-OCT.

Design: This study employs prospective comparative observational case series in Singapore National Eye Center.

Eye size and shape in newborn children and their relation to axial length and refraction at 3 years.

Purpose: To determine if eye size and shape at birth are associated with eye size and refractive error 3 years later.

Methods: A subset of 173 full-term newborn infants from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the dimensions of the internal eye. Eye shape was assessed by an oblateness index, calculated as 1 - (axial length/width) or 1 - (axial length/height).

Relationship of systemic endothelial function and peripheral arterial stiffness with diabetic retinopathy.

Background: To investigate possible associations between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and systemic vascular endothelial function and arterial stiffness measured using reactive hyperaemia peripheral arterial tonometry.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational clinical study. Subjects with diabetes were recruited and DR was graded from retinal photographs.

Dynamic responses in retinal vessel caliber with flicker light stimulation in eyes with diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: This study investigated the responses of retinal vessels to flickering light in diabetic patients with various stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study evaluated adult subjects with diabetes mellitus. The Dynamic Vessel Analyzer (DVA) was used to measure retinal vascular dilatation in response to diffuse illuminance flicker.

Retinal vessel oxygen saturation increases after vitrectomy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of vitrectomy on retinal vascular oxygen saturation in an adult population.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Twenty-seven eyes of 27 patients who underwent vitrectomy for macular conditions were included.

Vitreoretinal complications and vitreoretinal surgery in osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis surgery.

Purpose: To describe the indications for and approaches to vitreoretinal surgery in patients with osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (OOKP).

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of all patients who had undergone OOKP surgery between 2003 and 2012 at our center.

Prognostic factor analysis of vitrectomy for retinal detachment associated with myopic macular holes.

Purpose: To describe the anatomic and functional outcomes in a cohort of subjects undergoing vitrectomy for retinal detachment (RD) resulting from myopic macular hole (MH) and to analyze the prognostic and surgical factors predicting retinal reattachment and MH closure.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: All patients who underwent vitrectomy for RD resulting from myopic MH between 2000 and 2009 at our center.

Distribution and determinants of eye size and shape in newborn children: a magnetic resonance imaging analysis.

Purpose: To determine the eye size and shape obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to determine associations with antenatal factors in newborn children.

Methods: A subset of 173 full-term newborn children from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort underwent MRI. Eye volume and surface area were measured.

Structural changes in the retinal microvasculature and renal function.

Purpose: To evaluate the associations between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and microalbuminuria, and a comprehensive range of retinal microvascular abnormalities including traditional and new retinal vascular measures.

Methods: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study on 3280 urban Malay adults. The albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was calculated from spot urine samples.

Asian Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Current Concepts and Gaps in Knowledge.

Data on the epidemiology and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Asian populations have been scarce. Recently, significant advances in the current knowledge of AMD in Asia have been made, but deficiencies in important areas remain. Epidemiological data on AMD in those 80 years or older are lacking.

Age-related macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration is a major cause of blindness worldwide. With ageing populations in many countries, more than 20% might have the disorder. Advanced age-related macular degeneration, including neovascular age-related macular degeneration (wet) and geographic atrophy (late dry), is associated with substantial, progressive visual impairment.

Lipids and diabetic retinopathy.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant cause of visual impairment worldwide. The association between hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia and DR has been investigated extensively, but a conclusive link remains elusive. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding lipids and DR.

Variations in eye volume, surface area, and shape with refractive error in young children by magnetic resonance imaging analysis.

Purpose: To determine variations in eye volume, surface area, and shape with refractive error in young children using a three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) model.

Methods: A subset of Singaporean Chinese boys enrolled in the population-based Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Refractive Error in Singapore (STARS) study underwent MRI using a 3-Tesla whole body scanner with a 32-channel head coil. Eye volume and surface area were measured.