Characterization and Correction of Olfactory Deficits in Kidney Disease.

Patients with CKD suffer from food aversion, anorexia, and malnutrition. Although olfaction has a significant role in determining food flavor, our understanding of olfactory impairment and of the olfaction-nutrition axis in patients with kidney disease is limited. We quantified odor identification, odor threshold, and subjective odor perception in a cohort (=161) comprising 36 participants with CKD, 100 participants with ESRD, and 25 controls.