Impact of swine influenza A virus on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in alveolar macrophages.

Porcine respiratory disease complex represents a major challenge for the swine industry, with swine influenza A virus (swIAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) being major contributors. Epidemiological studies have confirmed the co-circulation of these viruses in pig herds, making swIAV-PRRSV co-infections expected. A couple of co-infection studies have reported replication interferences between these two viruses.

Harmonic Imaging of Stem Cells in Whole Blood at GHz Pixel Rate.

The pre-clinical validation of cell therapies requires monitoring the biodistribution of transplanted cells in tissues of host organisms. Real-time detection of these cells in the circulatory system and identification of their aggregation state is a crucial piece of information, but necessitates deep penetration and fast imaging with high selectivity, subcellular resolution, and high throughput. In this study, multiphoton-based in-flow detection of human stem cells in whole, unfiltered blood is demonstrated in a microfluidic channel.

Biofilm formation of the food spoiler Brochothrix thermosphacta on different industrial surface materials using a biofilm reactor.

Brochothrix thermosphacta is considered as a major food spoiler bacteria. This study evaluates biofilm formation by B. thermosphacta CD337(2) - a strong biofilm producer strain - on three food industry materials (polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), and stainless steel (SS)).

Multiphoton microscopy is a nondestructive label-free approach to investigate the 3D structure of gas cell walls in bread dough.

During the different steps of bread-making, changes in the microstructure of the dough, particularly in the gas cell walls (GCW), have a major influence on the final bread crumb texture. Investigation of the spatial conformation of GCWs is still a challenge because it requires both high resolutions and 3D depth imaging. The originality of the present work lies in the use of label-free non-destructive multiphoton microscopy (NLOM) to image the 3D structure of GCWs, shedding light on their behavior and organization in wheat bread dough.

Specific and label-free endogenous signature of dystrophic muscle by Synchrotron deep ultraviolet radiation.

Dystrophic muscle is characterized by necrosis/regeneration cycles, inflammation, and fibro-adipogenic development. Conventional histological stainings provide essential topographical data of this remodeling but may be limited to discriminate closely related pathophysiological contexts. They fail to mention microarchitecture changes linked to the nature and spatial distribution of tissue compartment components.

The Internal Conduit System of the Swine Inverted Lymph Node.

Lymph nodes (LN) are the crossroad where naïve lymphocytes, peripheral antigens and antigen presenting cells contact together in order to mount an adaptive immune response. For this purpose, LN are highly organized convergent hubs of blood and lymphatic vessels that, in the case of B lymphocytes, lead to the B cell follicles. Herein take place the selection and maturation of B cell clones producing high affinity antibodies directed against various antigens.

Label-free 3D characterization of cardiac fibrosis in muscular dystrophy using SHG imaging of cleared tissue.

Background Information: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin. It leads to repeated cycles of muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration and progressive replacement of fibers by fibrotic and adipose tissue, with consequent muscle weakness and premature death. Fibrosis and, in particular, collagen accumulation are important pathological features of dystrophic muscle.

Confocal spectral microscopy, a non-destructive approach to follow contamination and biofilm formation of mCherry Staphylococcus aureus on solid surfaces.

Methods to test the safety of wood material for hygienically sensitive places are indirect, destructive and limited to incomplete microbial recovery via swabbing, brushing and elution-based techniques. Therefore, we chose mCherry Staphylococcus aureus as a model bacterium for solid and porous surface contamination. Confocal spectral laser microscope (CSLM) was employed to characterize and use the autofluorescence of Sessile oak (Quercus petraea), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and poplar (Populus euramericana alba L.

Soluble guanylate cyclase chronic stimulation effects on cardiovascular reactivity in cafeteria diet-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications by a mechanism involving mainly decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and impaired NO-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling (NO-sGC-cGMP). To further develop this scientific point, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term treatment with BAY 41-2272 (a sGC stimulator) on cardiovascular reactivity of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as a model of metabolic syndrome. SHR were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, cafeteria diet (CD)-fed group and CD-fed group treated daily with BAY 41-2272 (5 mg/kg) by gastric gavage for 12 weeks.

Survival of Bacterial Strains on Wood () Compared to Polycarbonate, Aluminum and Stainless Steel.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) remain a burden in healthcare facilities, environmental surfaces being a potential reservoir for healthcare-associated pathogens. In this context, exploration of materials with potential antimicrobial activities represents a way forward for the future. Here, we explored the survival of four bacterial species commonly involved in HAI (, , , ), on oak versus three other materials (aluminum, polycarbonate, stainless steel).

Wood materials for limiting the bacterial reservoir on surfaces in hospitals: would it be worthwhile to go further?

To assess the activity of (oak) on five bacterial species/genus frequently involved in hospital-acquired infections for evaluating the interest of going further in exploring the possibilities of using untreated wood as a material in the hospital setting. We studied the activity of by the disk diffusion method. was active on and complex, two bacterial species particularly resistant in the hospital environment, independently from their resistance to antibiotics, and was slightly active on .

Molecular and Functional Diversity of Distinct Subpopulations of the Stressed Insulin-Secreting Cell's Vesiculome.

Beta cell failure and apoptosis following islet inflammation have been associated with autoimmune type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. As conveyors of biological active material, extracellular vesicles (EV) act as mediators in communication with immune effectors fostering the idea that EV from inflamed beta cells may contribute to autoimmunity. Evidence accumulates that beta exosomes promote diabetogenic responses, but relative contributions of larger vesicles as well as variations in the composition of the beta cell's vesiculome due to environmental changes have not been explored yet.

Multiscale fluorescent tracking of immune cells in the liver with a highly biocompatible far-red emitting polymer probe.

The development of innovative immune cell therapies relies on efficient cell tracking strategies. For this, multiscale fluorescence-based analyses of transferred cells into the host with complementary techniques, including flow cytometry for high-throughput cell analysis and two-photon microscopy for deep tissue imaging would be highly beneficial. Ideally, cells should be labelled with a single fluorescent probe combining all the properties required for these different techniques.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Interferes with Swine Influenza A Virus Infection of Epithelial Cells.

Respiratory infections are still a major concern in pigs. Amongst the involved viruses, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the swine influenza type A virus (swIAV) have a major impact. These viruses frequently encounter and dual infections are reported.

Human MuStem Cell Grafting into Infarcted Rat Heart Attenuates Adverse Tissue Remodeling and Preserves Cardiac Function.

Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Whereas transplantation of several cell types into the infarcted heart has produced promising preclinical results, clinical studies using analogous human cells have shown limited structural and functional benefits. In dogs and humans, we have described a type of muscle-derived stem cells termed MuStem cells that efficiently promoted repair of injured skeletal muscle.

Testing the Antimicrobial Characteristics of Wood Materials: A Review of Methods.

Some wood species have antimicrobial properties, making them a better choice over inert surfaces in certain circumstances. However, the organic and porous nature of wood raises questions regarding the use of this material in hygienically important places. Therefore, it is reasonable to investigate the microbial survival and the antimicrobial potential of wood via a variety of methods.

Intra-CSF AAV9 and AAVrh10 Administration in Nonhuman Primates: Promising Routes and Vectors for Which Neurological Diseases?

The identification of the most efficient method for whole central nervous system targeting that is translatable to humans and the safest route of adeno-associated virus (AAV) administration is a major concern for future applications in clinics. Additionally, as many AAV serotypes were identified for gene introduction into the brain and the spinal cord, another key to human gene-therapy success is to determine the most efficient serotype. In this study, we compared lumbar intrathecal administration through catheter implantation and intracerebroventricular administration in the cynomolgus macaque.

Chemical modification of the adeno-associated virus capsid to improve gene delivery.

Gene delivery vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) are highly promising due to several desirable features of this parent virus, including a lack of pathogenicity, efficient infection of dividing and non-dividing cells and sustained maintenance of the viral genome. However, the conclusion from clinical data using these vectors is that there is a need to develop new AAVs with a higher transduction efficiency and specificity for relevant target tissues. To overcome these limitations, we chemically modified the surface of the capsid of AAV vectors.

Environmental samples of microplastics induce significant toxic effects in fish larvae.

Microplastics (MPs) are present throughout aquatic ecosystems, and can be ingested by a wide variety of organisms. At present, the physical and chemical effects of environmental MPs on aquatic organisms are poorly documented. This study aims to examine the physiological and behavioral effects caused by fish consuming environmental microplastics at different life stages.

Label-Free Fried Starchy Matrix: Investigation by Harmonic Generation Microscopy.

An innovative methodology based on non-destructive observation by using harmonic generation microscopy is proposed for detection and location of starch granules and oil in a fried starchy matrix and topography analysis of food products. Specific fluorescent probes were used to label the main biochemical components of the starchy fried matrix, namely starch and oil. Fluorescence of starch and oil respectively stained with Safranin O and Nile red was observed from non-linear microscopy.

Satellite cells fail to contribute to muscle repair but are functional in Pompe disease (glycogenosis type II).

Pompe disease, which is due to acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency, is characterized by skeletal muscle dysfunction attributed to the accumulation of glycogen-filled lysosomes and autophagic buildup. Despite the extensive tissue damages, a failure of satellite cell (SC) activation and lack of muscle regeneration have been reported in patients. However, the origin of this defective program is unknown.

Vascular Delivery of Allogeneic MuStem Cells in Dystrophic Dogs Requires Only Short-Term Immunosuppression to Avoid Host Immunity and Generate Clinical/Tissue Benefits.

Growing demonstrations of regenerative potential for some stem cells led recently to promising therapeutic proposals for neuromuscular diseases. We have shown that allogeneic MuStem cell transplantation into Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs under continuous immunosuppression (IS) leads to persistent clinical stabilization and muscle repair. However, long-term IS in medical practice is associated with adverse effects raising safety concerns.

Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Potential of Human MuStem Cells following Transplantation into Injured Mice Muscle.

After intra-arterial delivery in the dystrophic dog, allogeneic muscle-derived stem cells, termed MuStem cells, contribute to long-term stabilization of the clinical status and preservation of the muscle regenerative process. However, it remains unknown whether the human counterpart could be identified, considering recent demonstrations of divergent features between species for several somatic stem cells. Here, we report that MuStem cells reside in human skeletal muscle and display a long-term ability to proliferate, allowing generation of a clinically relevant amount of cells.

Multi-harmonic Imaging in the Second Near-Infrared Window of Nanoparticle-Labeled Stem Cells as a Monitoring Tool in Tissue Depth.

In order to assess the therapeutic potential of cell-based strategies, it is of paramount importance to elaborate and validate tools for monitoring the behavior of injected cells in terms of tissue dissemination and engraftment properties. Here, we apply bismuth ferrite harmonic nanoparticles (BFO HNPs) to in vitro expanded human skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (hMuStem cells), an attractive therapeutic avenue for patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We demonstrate the possibility of stem cell labeling with HNPs.

Tuning the architectural integrity of high-performance magneto-fluorescent core-shell nanoassemblies in cancer cells.

High-density nanoarchitectures, endowed with simultaneous fluorescence and contrast properties for MRI and TEM imaging, have been obtained using a simple self-assembling strategy based on supramolecular interactions between non-doped fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FON) and superparamagnetic nanoparticles. In this way, a high-payload core-shell structure FON@mag has been obtained, protecting the hydrophobic fluorophores from the surroundings as well as from emission quenching by the shell of magnetic nanoparticles. Compared to isolated nanoparticles, maghemite nanoparticles self-assembled as an external shell create large inhomogeneous magnetic field, which causes enhanced transverse relaxivity and exacerbated MRI contrast.