Treatment adherence in retinoblastoma: A retro-prospective cohort study in Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Background: In high-income countries, retinoblastoma is curable in more than 95% of cases, whereas in low-income countries, mortality remains high, especially when the diagnosis is made late or the treatment is discontinued.

Aims: To determine the factors associated with adherence to the treatment of retinoblastoma in the Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

Methods And Results: A retro-prospective cohort study was carried out.

Conservative treatment using laser diode and systemic chemotherapy for early-stage bilateral retinoblastoma: A 14-year prospective cohort study.

Background: Solid evidence of the safety and effectiveness of retinoblastoma (RB) conservative treatment using thermotherapy and systemic chemotherapy with long-term follow-up is scarce, especially in low-resource countries.

Aims: This study examined the outcomes of this treatment and associated predictors in Vietnam to strengthen the current RB treatment protocol focusing on preserving eye and vision in low-resource settings.

Methods And Results: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Ho Chi Minh City Eye Hospital in Vietnam from 2005 to 2019.

Evaluating the baseline survival outcomes of the "six Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer index cancers" in Africa.

Limited survival data for the six Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC) priority cancers are available in Africa. Management of pediatric malignancies in Africa is challenging due to lack of resources, setting-specific comorbidities, high rates of late presentation and treatment abandonment. Reporting of outcome data is problematic due to the lack of registries.

Total orbital exenteration with temporalis muscle transfer and secondary healing.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of orbital exenteration with temporalis muscle flap repair of the socket and secondary healing of the anterior surface of the flap in ocular, conjunctival, and eyelid malignancies.

Design: Retrospective single-centre study.

Participants: Consecutive patients who underwent total exenteration for malignancy with temporal muscle flap repair of the socket between December 2009 and January 2016.

Prospective phase II study of children affected by bilateral intraocular retinoblastoma with macular involvement of both eyes or in the only preserved eye. Macular tumor control, eye preservation rate, and visual outcome.

Background: Conservative treatments of intraocular retinoblastoma often consist of chemotherapy and focal treatments. The protocols vary and currently may combine two or three drugs, with different number of cycles, associated to the ocular treatments. In case of macular/paramacular involvement, tumor location and retinal scars induced by focal treatments often have a major negative impact on final visual outcome.

Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries.

Background: The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries.

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.

Craniofacial second primary tumors in patients with germline retinoblastoma previously treated with external beam radiotherapy: A retrospective institutional analysis.

Background: The long-term survival of germline retinoblastoma patients is decreased due to the risk of second primary tumors (SPTs) that occur years after the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. This risk is related to genetic predisposition and other factors, such as the treatment of retinoblastoma by external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

Procedure: We studied the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of specific craniofacial SPTs developed within the margins of radiation field in a cohort of 209 patients with germline retinoblastoma treated with EBRT at our institution between 1977 and 2010.

Diffuse Iris Melanoma: Conservative Treatment with Proton Beam Therapy after Limbal Stem Cell Preservation or Enucleation?

Objectives: Iris melanomas represent 2-3% of uveal melanomas; the diffuse variant accounts for approximately 10% of all iris melanomas. Different treatment modalities for diffuse iris melanomas (DIM) have been proposed depending on the local status as well as the age and general condition of the patient.

Methods: This study is a single-centre retrospective case series describing the diagnosis, treatments and outcomes of DIM.

Management of advanced uni- or bilateral retinoblastoma with macroscopic optic nerve invasion.

Background: Retinoblastoma with macroscopic optic nerve (ON) invasion depicted by imaging at diagnosis remains a major problem and carries a poor prognosis. We sought to describe the treatment and outcome of these high-risk patients.

Methods: Retrospective mono-institutional clinical, radiological, and histological review of patients with uni- or bilateral retinoblastoma with obvious ON invasion, defined by radiological optic nerve enlargement (RONE) depicted by computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was performed.

Long-Term Visual Outcomes for Small Uveal Melanoma Staged T1 Treated by Proton Beam Radiotherapy.

There is increasing evidence of the survival benefit of treating uveal melanoma in an early stage, however it is important to discuss with the patient the associated risk of visual loss. We investigated visual outcomes for uveal melanomas staged T1 (T1UM) treated by proton beam radiotherapy (PBR) as a function of their distance to fovea-optic disc. This retrospective study included a cohort of 424 patients with T1UM treated with PBR between 1991 and 2010 with at least a 5-year follow-up.

Development of a Prognostic Nomogram for Liver Metastasis of Uveal Melanoma Patients Selected by Liver MRI.

Patients with liver metastases of uveal melanoma (LMUM) die from their metastatic evolution within 2 years. We established a nomogram to choose a treatment adapted to life expectancy. From 2002 to 2013, we reviewed 224 patients with LMUM selected by liver MRI.

The Small Fatal Choroidal Melanoma Study. A Survey by the European Ophthalmic Oncology Group.

Purpose: To determine the size at which choroidal melanomas can metastasize and to report the characteristics of small fatal choroidal melanomas (SFCM).

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Ten ocular oncology services submitted 45 patients with a choroidal melanoma 3 mm or less in thickness and 9 mm or less in largest basal diameter (LBD), when treated, who developed metastases.

Proceedings of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology and Champalimaud Foundation Ocular Oncogenesis and Oncology Conference.

The 2018 Ocular Oncogenesis and Oncology Conference was held through a partnership of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) and the Champalimaud Foundation. Twenty-one experts from international ocular oncology centers, from the Champalimaud Clinical Centre and the Champalimaud Foundation Cancer Research Program, and from patient advocacy organizations, delivered lectures on subjects that ranged from global ocular oncology, to basic research in mechanisms of ocular malignancy, to clinical research in ocular cancers, and to anticipated future developments in the area. The scientific program of the conference covered a broad range of ocular tumors-including uveal melanoma, retinoblastoma, ocular surface tumors, and adnexal and intraocular lymphomas-and pathogenesis and management were deliberated in the context of the broader systemic cancer discipline.

Iris melanoma relapsing sixteen years after proton-beam therapy: The importance of lifelong follow-up.

Purpose: To report a case of locally recurrent spindle-cell iris amelanotic melanoma 16 years after proton-beam therapy.

Observations: In 2001, a 45-year-old man presented with an amelanotic iris melanoma, extending from the 5 to 10 o'clock positions on his left eye. High-frequency ultrasonography showed extension of melanoma into the ciliary body.

An Unsupervised Smart App-Optimized HIV Self-Testing Program in Montreal, Canada: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Although HIV self-testing strategies have been recommended by the World Health Organization, HIV self-tests are not yet approved in Canada. Currently approved HIV self-tests offer toll-free lines that are insufficient for initiating expedited linkages to counseling and care, accurate interpretation, and support during HIV self-testing. We developed an innovative, multilingual software app called HIVSmart! to plug these gaps.

Malignant Transformation of a Multi-Operated Divided Nevus of the Eyelids.

A woman in her early fifties had regular follow-up for a medium-sized divided nevus of the eyelids which had undergone several surgical excisions during childhood for functional and esthetic reasons. Malignant transformation of the nevus occurred in the inferior eyelid, with the appearance of a new pigmented flat lesion. Histology showed in situ melanoma, and an NRAS activating mutation was found.

Retinoblastoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case Studies of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Purpose: In most low-income countries, the diagnosis of retinoblastoma is delayed, resulting in a severe prognosis. The objectives of this study were to describe the access to diagnosis and care of children diagnosed with retinoblastoma and the challenges in two sub-Saharan African countries: the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Patients And Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted.

[Management of uveal melanomas, guidelines for oncologists].

Uveal melanomas are the most frequent primary malignant eye tumor. Enucleation was historically the gold standard. Since then, several studies showed that conservative treatments did not increase the risk of metastasis or survival.

Correlation between RB1germline mutations and second primary malignancies in hereditary retinoblastoma patients treated with external beam radiotherapy.

Retinoblastoma (Rb) results from biallelic inactivation of the RB1 gene. Hereditary Rb patients i. e germline carriers of a RB1 mutation also have a risk of developing subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMN) such as osteosarcomas.

Replacement and desmoplastic histopathological growth patterns: A pilot study of prediction of outcome in patients with uveal melanoma liver metastases.

Up to 50% of uveal melanomas (UM) metastasise to the liver within 10 years of diagnosis, and these almost always prove rapidly fatal. As histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of liver metastases of the replacement and desmoplastic type, particularly from colon and breast carcinoma, may import valuable biological and prognostic information, we have studied HGP in a series of 41 UM liver metastases originating from 41 patients from the period 2006-2017. Twenty patients underwent enucleation while 21 had radiation therapy.

Treatment of retinoblastoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: Experience of the paediatric oncology unit at Gabriel Toure Teaching Hospital and the Institute of African Tropical Ophthalmology, Bamako, Mali.

Background: Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular primary malignancy in children. In industrialised countries, the cure rate is about 95%. We present the results of a prospective study on the management of Rb in the paediatric oncology unit of Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital and African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology, from November 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015.

Iterative Variance Stabilizing Transformation Denoising of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Images Applied to Retinoblastoma.

Background: Due to the presence of speckle Poisson noise, the interpretation of spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images frequently requires the use of data averaging to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. This implies long acquisition times and requires patient sedation in some cases. Iterative variance stabilizing transformation (VST) is a possible approach by which to remove speckle Poisson noise on single images.