Improving patient understanding of prenatal screening tests: Using naturally sampled frequencies, pictures, and accounting for individual differences.

Objective: Health professionals must communicate prenatal screening test results effectively to patients, but these tests involve very low prevalence and high false positive risks; a situation known to be difficult for people to understand.

Methods: The present experiments evaluated the effectiveness of presenting prenatal screening test results for Trisomy 21, Trisomy 13, or DiGeorge Syndrome, using either naturally sampled frequencies or standard percentages. Participants were given a task of interpreting the posterior probability of an embryo having the condition.

Prospective evaluation of data-driven models to predict daily risk of infection at 2 large academic health centers.

Many data-driven patient risk stratification models have not been evaluated prospectively. We performed and compared the prospective and retrospective evaluations of 2 infection (CDI) risk-prediction models at 2 large academic health centers, and we discuss the models' robustness to data-set shifts.

The Veteran Friendly Practice accreditation programme: a mixed-methods evaluation.

Background: The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Veteran Friendly Practice Accreditation Programme launched in 2019, aiming to allow practices to better identify, treat, and refer veterans, where appropriate, to dedicated NHS services.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the accreditation programme, focusing on benefits for the veteran, the practice, and the delivery of the programme itself.

Design & Setting: The study evaluated the views of veteran-friendly accredited GP practices across England.

Early identification of patients admitted to hospital for covid-19 at risk of clinical deterioration: model development and multisite external validation study.

Objective: To create and validate a simple and transferable machine learning model from electronic health record data to accurately predict clinical deterioration in patients with covid-19 across institutions, through use of a novel paradigm for model development and code sharing.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: One US hospital during 2015-21 was used for model training and internal validation.

Symptom monitoring after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in a large integrated healthcare system: Separating symptoms from severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Objective: To describe the incidence of systemic overlap and typical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms in healthcare personnel (HCP) following COVID-19 vaccination and association of reported symptoms with diagnosis of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the context of public health recommendations regarding work exclusion.

Design: This prospective cohort study was conducted between December 16, 2020, and March 14, 2021, with HCP who had received at least 1 dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.

Setting: Large healthcare system in New England.

Community-acquired in name only: A cluster of carbapenem-resistant in a burn intensive care unit and beyond.

Objective: To describe an investigation into 5 clinical cases of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB).

Design: Epidemiological investigation supplemented by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of clinical and environmental isolates.

Setting: A tertiary-care academic health center in Boston, Massachusetts.

The Special Pathogens Research Network: Enabling Research Readiness.

The 2013-2016 epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) that originated in West Africa underscored many of the challenges to conducting clinical research during an ongoing infectious disease epidemic, both in the most affected countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, as well as in the United States and Europe, where a total of 27 patients with EVD received care in biocontainment units. The Special Pathogens Research Network (SPRN) was established in the United States in November 2016 to provide an organizational structure to leverage the expertise of the 10 Regional Ebola and Other Special Pathogen Treatment Centers (RESPTCs); it was intended to develop and support infrastructure to improve readiness to conduct clinical research in the United States. The network enables the rapid activation and coordination of clinical research in the event of an epidemic and facilitates opportunities for multicenter research when the RESPTCs are actively caring for patients requiring a biocontainment unit.

A Generalizable, Data-Driven Approach to Predict Daily Risk of Clostridium difficile Infection at Two Large Academic Health Centers.

OBJECTIVE An estimated 293,300 healthcare-associated cases of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) occur annually in the United States. To date, research has focused on developing risk prediction models for CDI that work well across institutions. However, this one-size-fits-all approach ignores important hospital-specific factors.