Challenges for Antepartum Care of the Individual with Perinatal Substance Use: An Empirical Integrative Review of Novel Approaches to Improve Care.

Introduction: Perinatal substance use continues to rise across the United States presenting unique challenges to providing antepartum care. Polysubstance use, limited and late engagement in health care, co-occurring mood disorders, and several social barriers are well documented. This review seeks to summarize these barriers and present novel approaches to caring for this high-risk population.