Comparisons of orthodontic residents' performance and attitudes using 2D, 3D, and virtual reality surgical simulation methods.

Purpose: Advances in virtual reality technology for surgical simulation methods may improve diagnosis and treatment planning of complex orthognathic surgery cases. The objectives were to assess orthodontic residents' performance and attitudes when treatment planning orthognathic surgery cases using two-dimensional (2D) digital, three-dimensional (3D) digital, and virtual reality (VR) surgical simulations.

Methods: The study had a mixed methods study design involving 20 graduate orthodontic residents.

Validity and User Experience in an Augmented Reality Virtual Tooth Identification Test.

By leveraging emerging technologies in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), a Virtual Dental Library and AR virtual tooth identification test were developed at a U. S. dental school.