() Is a SMAD3-Dependent TGF-β Target Gene That Promotes Clonogenicity and Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer.

Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) can have both tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressing activity in breast cancer. Elucidating the key downstream mediators of pro-tumorigenic TGF-β signalling in this context could potentially give rise to new therapeutic opportunities and/or identify biomarkers for anti-TGF-β directed therapy. Here, we identify (also known as innate immunity activator ) as a novel TGF-β target gene which is induced in a SMAD3-dependent but SMAD2/SMAD4-independent manner in human and murine cell lines.

Inflammation in Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumorigenesis-Under the Influence of Alcohol and High-Fat Diets.

The liver plays an outsized role in oncology. Liver tumors are one of the most frequently found tumors in cancer patients and these arise from either primary or metastatic disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer and the 6th most common cancer type overall, is expected to become the 3rd leading cause of cancer mortality in the US by the year 2030.

Preclinical Evaluation of AZ12601011 and AZ12799734, Inhibitors of Transforming Growth Factor Superfamily Type 1 Receptors.

The transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily includes TGF, activins, inhibins, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). These extracellular ligands have essential roles in normal tissue homeostasis by coordinately regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Aberrant signaling of superfamily members, however, is associated with fibrosis as well as tumorigenesis, cancer progression, metastasis, and drug-resistance mechanisms in a variety of cancer subtypes.