Machine learning models for diagnosis and risk prediction in eating disorders, depression, and alcohol use disorder.

Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses is hampered by the lack of reliable markers. This study used machine learning models to uncover diagnostic and risk prediction markers for eating disorders (EDs), major depressive disorder (MDD), and alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods: Case-control samples (aged 18-25 years), including participants with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), MDD, AUD, and matched controls, were used for diagnostic classification.

Disruptive papers - A novel bibliometric tool not yet ready for primetime in pediatric urology.

Background: Historically, word of mouth, total citation count, H-index, and expert opinion were some of the primary metrics used to identify the most influential papers. This method is subject to significant bias. The disruption score was initially created with the intent of measuring the degree to which a publication introduces a new idea, is repeatedly referenced and may be used as an additional publication evaluation metric.

The Present State of Housing and Treatment of Transgender Incarcerated Persons.

The care and housing of transgender (TGD) incarcerated persons is a complex concern that is growing because of the increased recognition and diagnosis of gender dysphoria in society. To remain current in this evolving landscape, there have been updates to federal manuals and state guidelines regarding the medical care and housing of the TGD population. Since the publication by Glezer and colleagues in 2013, there has not been a comprehensive overview of current federal and state guidelines, and legal and other considerations on this topic.

Distinct personality profiles associated with disease risk and diagnostic status in eating disorders.

Background: Personality traits have been associated with eating disorders (EDs) and comorbidities. However, it is unclear which personality profiles are premorbid risk rather than diagnostic markers.

Methods: We explored associations between personality and ED-related mental health symptoms using canonical correlation analyses.

A framework for a brain-derived nosology of psychiatric disorders.

Current psychiatric diagnoses are not defined by neurobiological measures which hinders the development of therapies targeting mechanisms underlying mental illness . Research confined to diagnostic boundaries yields heterogeneous biological results, whereas transdiagnostic studies often investigate individual symptoms in isolation. There is currently no paradigm available to comprehensively investigate the relationship between different clinical symptoms, individual disorders, and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms.

Interplay of early negative life events, development of orbitofrontal cortical thickness and depression in young adulthood.

Background: Early negative life events (NLE) have long-lasting influences on neurodevelopment and psychopathology. Reduced orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) thickness was frequently associated with NLE and depressive symptoms. OFC thinning might mediate the effect of NLE on depressive symptoms, although few longitudinal studies exist.

Individual differences in motivation to change in individuals with eating disorders: A systematic review.

Objective: Motivation to change has been suggested to significantly impact treatment outcomes in eating disorders (EDs). This review will investigate factors associated with motivation to change in EDs with the aim of supporting clinicians to be aware and sensitive to factors that might obstruct recovery and to inform motivation-based interventions.

Method: Using PRISMA guidelines, this article identified 24 studies through database searches meeting eligibility criteria.

Adolescent to young adult longitudinal development of subcortical volumes in two European sites with four waves.

Adolescent subcortical structural brain development might underlie psychopathological symptoms, which often emerge in adolescence. At the same time, sex differences exist in psychopathology, which might be mirrored in underlying sex differences in structural development. However, previous studies showed inconsistencies in subcortical trajectories and potential sex differences.

ASES and UCLA Are Responsive Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Multiple patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been used to assess shoulder function, but it is unknown which are the most effective.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to report the multiple PROMs used after rotator cuff repair (RCR) and to compare the responsiveness between them. It was hypothesized that the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff PROM would be the most responsive and commonly used in patients undergoing RCR.

Machine learning models for diagnosis and risk prediction in eating disorders, depression, and alcohol use disorder.

This study uses machine learning models to uncover diagnostic and risk prediction markers for eating disorders (EDs), major depressive disorder (MDD), and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Utilizing case-control samples (ages 18-25 years) and a longitudinal population-based sample (n=1,851), the models, incorporating diverse data domains, achieved high accuracy in classifying EDs, MDD, and AUD from healthy controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC-ROC [95% CI]) reached 0.

Virtually delivered guided self-help for binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa: findings from a service evaluation.

Background: Timely intervention is beneficial to the effectiveness of eating disorder (ED) treatment, but limited capacity within ED services means that these disorders are often not treated with sufficient speed. This service evaluation extends previous research into guided self-help (GSH) for adults with bulimic spectrum EDs by assessing the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of virtually delivered GSH using videoconferencing.

Method: Patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED) and other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED) waiting for treatment in a large specialist adult ED out-patient service were offered virtually delivered GSH.

Providers' Stigmas and the Effects on Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: One of the most prevalent, dangerous stigmas in health care is the complex bias toward patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). This stigma damages the vital patient-provider relationship, further perpetuating the opioid epidemic.

Purpose: Unfortunately, research on the relationship between OUD and provider stigma is greatly lacking.

Differing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health: combined population and clinical study.

Background: Identifying youths most at risk to COVID-19-related mental illness is essential for the development of effective targeted interventions.

Aims: To compare trajectories of mental health throughout the pandemic in youth with and without prior mental illness and identify those most at risk of COVID-19-related mental illness.

Method: Data were collected from individuals aged 18-26 years ( = 669) from two existing cohorts: IMAGEN, a population-based cohort; and ESTRA/STRATIFY, clinical cohorts of individuals with pre-existing diagnoses of mental disorders.

A labeled data set of underwater images of fish and crab species from five mesohabitats in Puget Sound WA USA.

The sustainable management of fisheries and aquaculture requires an understanding of how these activities interact with natural fish populations. GoPro cameras were used to collect an underwater video data set on and around shellfish aquaculture farms in an estuary in the NE Pacific from June to August 2017 and June to August 2018 to better understand habitat use by the local fish and crab communities. Images extracted from these videos were labeled to produce a data set that is suitable for use in training computer vision models.

An overview and investigation of relapse predictors in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: An extensive number of predictors has been examined across the literature to improve knowledge of relapse in anorexia nervosa (AN). These studies provide various recovery and relapse definitions, follow-up durations and relapse rates. The current study summarizes these values and predictors of relapse in AN in a review and meta-analysis.