Protocol for a feasibility and acceptability study for UK general population paediatric type 1 diabetes screening-the EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune diabetes (ELSA) study.

Aim: The EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune (ELSA) study aims to explore the feasibility and acceptability of UK paediatric general population screening for type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We aim to screen 20,000 children aged 3-13 years for islet-specific autoantibodies through dried blood spot sample collection at home, hospital or community settings. Children with two or more autoantibodies are offered metabolic staging via oral glucose challenge testing.

Presentation and characteristics of children with screen-detected type 1 diabetes: learnings from the ELSA general population pediatric screening study.

Introduction: We describe the identification and management of general population screen-detected type 1 diabetes (T1D) and share learnings for best practice.

Research Design And Methods: Children diagnosed with T1D through a general population screening initiative, the EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune diabetes (ELSA) study, were reviewed and described.Parents provided written, informed consent for inclusion in the case series.

Long-term TNF-alpha therapy for preserving beta cell function in new onset type 1 diabetes: a case report.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by destruction of pancreatic islet beta-cells. There is significant residual beta-cell function, measured through circulating C-peptide, present at the time of T1D diagnosis but this subsequently decreases with time. Higher residual beta-cell function at diagnosis associates with better glycaemic control and less glucose variability, and later in the disease course with less hypoglycaemia, lower glucose variability and fewer microvascular complications.

Preferences for Peer Support Amongst Families Engaged in Paediatric Screening Programmes: The Perspectives of Parents Involved in Screening for Type 1 Diabetes in Children Aged 3-13.

Introduction: This work describes a secondary analysis of a qualitative data set originally used to understand parent participants' preferences for the design and implementation of a screening programme for paediatric Type 1 diabetes (T1D). From this, their spontaneous preferences for peer support emerged, described here in the context of existing peer support programmes for the newly diagnosed alongside suggestions for their incorporation into screening programmes for T1D and a range of other conditions.

Methods: Data were collected from semi-structured interviews conducted with parents of children aged 3-13 years to explore their expectations, perceptions and preferences of a T1D paediatric screening programme.

Rejuvenation of leukocyte trafficking in aged mice through PEPITEM intervention.

Inflammageing leads to uncontrolled leukocyte trafficking in response to inflammatory insults. Here, we used a zymosan-induced peritonitis mouse model on inflammation to investigate the role of the PEPITEM pathway on leukocyte migration in ageing. We then analysed whether PEPITEM could modulate leukocyte migration in older adults.

Recognition, prevention and management of 'digital harm'.

The digital world continues to evolve and is apparent in all aspects of daily life. For children and young people, their online life is as real to them as their in-person life. Health professionals urgently need to update their knowledge and awareness of the positive and negative impacts of the myriad of online content and how this is viewed and used by children and young people.

Infant massage as a stress management technique for parents of hospitalized extremely preterm infants.

Mothers of infants born extremely preterm requiring prolonged medical intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are at high risk of developing stress. Parent-administered infant massage is a well-established, safe intervention for preterm infants with many developmental benefits, but the published literature has mostly examined its impact on infants and parents through self-reported or observational measures of stress. The aim of this study was to measure salivary cortisol, a biomarker for stress, in extremely preterm infants and their mothers immediately pre and post parent-administered infant massage in order to detect potential changes in physiologic stress.

A pilot exploratory study examining the potential influence of continuous positive airway pressure devices on cranial molding trajectories in preterm infants.

Objective: The objective of this exploratory study was to assess the potential impacts of two different continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices on preterm infant head shape and circumference.

Study Design: Twenty infants born at <32 weeks gestational age requiring CPAP support were enrolled. Ten infants used the Hudson RCI Nasal Prong CPAP device and 10 infants used the Fisher-Paykel CPAP device.

General population screening for paediatric type 1 diabetes-A qualitative study of UK professional stakeholders.

Aims: Identifying children at risk of type 1 diabetes allows education for symptom recognition and monitoring to reduce the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation. We aimed to explore stakeholder views towards paediatric general population screening for type 1 diabetes in the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods: Qualitative interviews were undertaken with 25 stakeholders, including diabetes specialists, policymakers and community stakeholders who could be involved in a future type 1 diabetes screening programme in the UK.

Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) in vascular inflammatory diseases.

Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) also known as amino oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) is a pro-inflammatory and versatile molecule with adhesive and enzymatic properties. VAP-1 is a primary amine oxidase belonging to the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) family, which catalyzes the oxidation of primary amines leading to the production of ammonium, formaldehyde, methylglyoxal, and hydrogen peroxide. VAP-1 is mainly expressed by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, adipocytes and pericytes.

Educational preferences in individuals with cardiometabolic disease differs with age, ethnicity and educational status.

Objectives: To evaluate how sociodemographic factors influence educational modality preferences in people with cardiometabolic disease.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed in people with diabetes and cardiovascular disease, who completed a questionnaire to denote their previous experience and ranked preferences for different educational modalities.

Results: The questionnaire was completed by 3751 people, of whom 59% were men, median (interquartile range) age was 68 (59-76) years, and 78% were White European.

Outcomes of a High-Volume Organ Procurement Organization in the Era of Increasing Donation After Circulatory Death.

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) is rapidly increasing in the United States. Detailed data outlining the process from referral to organ transplantation is lacking. We sought to quantify differences at each stage along the referral to donation pathway by donor type.

EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune diabetes: protocol for a qualitative study of general population and stakeholder perspectives on screening for type 1 diabetes in the UK (ELSA 1).

Objective: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most common form of diabetes in children, accounting for 96% of cases, with 29 000 children affected in the UK. Studies have recently identified immunotherapies that safely delay the development of T1D for at least 3 years, and further therapies are in development. General population screening programs in other countries can now accurately identify children with presymptomatic T1D who can be entered into prevention studies.

Palivizumab immunoprophylaxis for infants with BPD has medium- and long-term benefits: myth or maxim?

https://bit.ly/3ikzwZD.

Low Branched Chain Amino Acids and Tyrosine in Thai Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Metformin and Metformin-Sulfonylurea Combination Therapies.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health challenge for Thailand (current prevalence ~10.0%). Amino acids offer novel biomarkers to predict risk of T2DM and indicate sub-optimal disease management, which could facilitate earlier treatment.

Environmental Determinants of Type 1 Diabetes: From Association to Proving Causality.

The rising incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) cannot be ascribed to genetics alone, and causative environmental triggers and drivers must also be contributing. The prospective TEDDY study has provided the greatest contributions in modern time, by addressing misconceptions and refining the search strategy for the future. This review outlines the evidence to date to support the pathways from association to causality, across all stages of T1D (seroconversion to beta cell failure).

Chronotype and well-being in adults with established type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.

Aims: 'Chronotype' describes an individual's sleep-wake schedule, and can be classified into morning, intermediate or evening types. Evening chronotype has been widely associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes. We explored associations between chronotype and markers of well-being in people with type 2 diabetes.

Patient and Professional Experiences With Virtual Antenatal Clinics During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a UK Tertiary Obstetric Hospital: Questionnaire Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic required rapid implementation of virtual antenatal care to keep pregnant women safe. This transition from face-to-face usual care had to be embraced by patients and professionals alike.

Objective: We evaluated patients' and professionals' experiences with virtual antenatal clinic appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine satisfaction and inquire into the safety and quality of care received.

Respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis for prevention of recurrent childhood wheeze and asthma: a systematic review.

Background: Acute bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been associated with greater risk of recurrent wheezing and asthma. However, it is unclear whether this association is causal. RSV-specific monoclonal antibodies have been shown to reduce RSV-related hospitalisations in high-risk infants, but the longer-term follow-up has given conflicting evidence for prevention of recurrent wheeze or asthma.

Retinopathy and microalbuminuria are common microvascular complications in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes.

Aims: To study the prevalence of microvascular complications and renal changes associated with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the West Midlands Adult Cystic Fibrosis centre, United Kingdom. Data regarding age, sex, microalbuminuria, retinopathy neuropathy, and biochemical results were collected for all people with CFRD who had an annual review from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 at the centre.