Endoscopic Management of Laryngotracheal Disease.

Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) encompasses a spectrum of conditions characterized by the luminal narrowing of the supraglottis, glottis, subglottis, and/or trachea. However, endoscopic treatment methods are associated with significantly higher rates of restenosis compared to open techniques. The number of endoscopic modalities continues to expand without a clear consensus on the most appropriate treatment choice.

Congenital cholesteatoma in identical twins.

Congenital cholesteatoma in identical twins has only been described once in Otolaryngology literature thus far This report describes a case of monozygotic twins with a history of recurrent acute otitis media and bilateral middle ear effusions without tympanic membrane perforation. Upon myringotomy with pressure equalization tube insertion, both were found to have right-sided cholesteatoma with nearly identical location and pattern of progression. In the context of previous case series demonstrating familial clustering and reports of possible genetic associations of this condition, the authors present an important addition to the current understanding of congenital cholesteatoma disorder.

Glottic and Subglottic Injury and Development of Pediatric Airway Stenosis.

Objective: To determine how often children with airway injury at the time of tracheostomy develop airway stenosis.

Study Design: A 7-year retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of pediatric patients who underwent endotracheal intubation followed by tracheostomy with concurrent and follow-up direct laryngoscopy.

Setting: Tertiary care hospital.

Inpatient Type 1 Thyroplasty Versus Injection Laryngoplasty for Vocal Fold Movement Impairment After Extent type I and II Aortic Repair.

Importance: Vocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) due to neuronal injury is a known complication following thoracic aortic repair that can impair pulmonary toilet function and post-operative recovery.

Objective: To demonstrate clinical outcomes of patients undergoing inpatient vocal fold medialization for VFMI after aortic surgery.

Design: A 15-year retrospective chart review (2005-2019) of 259 patients with postoperative VFMI after thoracic aortic surgery registry was conducted.

Integrin αvβ8 on T cells suppresses anti-tumor immunity in multiple models and is a promising target for tumor immunotherapy.

αvβ8 integrin, a key activator of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), inhibits anti-tumor immunity. We show that a potent blocking monoclonal antibody against αvβ8 (ADWA-11) causes growth suppression or complete regression in syngeneic models of squamous cell carcinoma, mammary cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer, especially when combined with other immunomodulators or radiotherapy. αvβ8 is expressed at the highest levels in CD4+CD25+ T cells in tumors, and specific deletion of β8 from T cells is as effective as ADWA-11 in suppressing tumor growth.

Titanium Fan Plate Reconstruction for Lateral Orbital Traumatic Defects.

Fractures of the orbit often require operative repair with materials ranging from autologous tissue to titanium implants. Reconstructive techniques of the lateral orbital rim and wall offer a unique challenge due to the structural and aesthetic demands with regard to its natural contour. The authors present a case in which a patient sustained a ballistic injury involving the lateral orbital rim and wall requiring reconstruction.