A systematic review on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction/disorders in neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric/behavioral disorders.

Introduction: Mitochondrial diseases are known inborn errors affecting energy metabolism and are as common as chronic diseases such as diabetes, affecting approximately 1 in 5,000 people. The role of mitochondrial diseases/dysfunction has been highlighted in neurodevelopmental disorders like ASD, ADHD, intellectual disability, and speech delay, as well as various psychiatric conditions. Neurodevelopmental disorders are increasingly recognized as having behavioral and psychiatric symptoms.

Development of Robust Cationic Light-Activated Thermosensitive Liposomes: Choosing the Right Lipids.

Extensive research has been conducted on cationic light-activated thermosensitive liposomes (CLTSLs) as a means for site-specific and controlled drug release; however, less attention has been given to the stability of these nanoparticles. Selecting the appropriate lipids is crucial for the development of a stable and responsive system. In this study, we investigated the impact of various lipids on the physical properties of cationic light-activated liposomes.

An educational intervention in the emergency department seeking to improve COVID-19 vaccination rates among unvaccinated patients aged 20-64.

Background: The COVID-19 vaccination rate in the US has plateaued, especially among minorities and young populations. Previous efforts within the Emergency Department (ED) setting to address this disparity have shown positive results. The ED can play a crucial role in engaging vaccine-hesitant individuals, particularly those with limited access to healthcare.

Individual differences in delay discounting are associated with dorsal prefrontal cortex connectivity in children, adolescents, and adults.

Delay discounting is a measure of impulsive choice relevant in adolescence as it predicts many real-life outcomes, including obesity and academic achievement. However, resting-state functional networks underlying individual differences in delay discounting during youth remain incompletely described. Here we investigate the association between multivariate patterns of functional connectivity and individual differences in impulsive choice in a large sample of children, adolescents, and adults.

Individual Differences in Delay Discounting are Associated with Dorsal Prefrontal Cortex Connectivity in Youth.

Delay discounting is a measure of impulsive choice relevant in adolescence as it predicts many real-life outcomes, including substance use disorders, obesity, and academic achievement. However, the functional networks underlying individual differences in delay discounting during youth remain incompletely described. Here we investigate the association between multivariate patterns of functional connectivity and individual differences in impulsive choice in a large sample of youth.

Establishing a simple perfusion cell culture system for light-activated liposomes.

The off-target effects of light-activated or targeted liposomes are difficult to distinguish in traditional well plate experiments. Additionally, the absence of fluid flow in traditional cell models can lead to overestimation of nanoparticle uptake. In this paper, we established a perfusion cell culture platform to study light-activated liposomes and determined the effect of flow on the liposomal cell uptake.

Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Detection in the Prehospital Environment.

Purpose Of Review: Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion (LVO) is time-dependent. Prehospital patients with suspected LVO stroke should be triaged directly to specialized stroke centers for endovascular therapy. This review describes advances in LVO detection among prehospital suspected stroke patients.

Inpatient Management of Acute Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack.

This article focuses on the inpatient evaluation and management of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). We describe foundational principles including quality metrics, TIA, and stroke as emergencies, TIA/minor stroke management, and standard assessments before discussing tailored evaluation and management strategies by stroke type.

Local and distributed cortical markers of effort expenditure during sustained goal pursuit.

The adaptive adjustment of behavior in pursuit of desired goals is critical for survival. To accomplish this complex feat, individuals must weigh the potential benefits of a given action against time, energy, and resource costs. Here, we examine brain responses associated with willingness to exert physical effort during the sustained pursuit of desired goals.

Intraoperative Stromal Vascular Fraction Therapy Improves Histomorphometric and Vascular Outcomes in Irradiated Mandibular Fracture Repair.

Background: Cell-based treatments have demonstrated the capacity to enhance reconstructive outcomes in recent decades but are hindered in clinical utility by regulatory hurdles surrounding cell culture. This investigation examines the ability of a noncultured stromal vascular fraction derived from lipoaspirate to enhance bone healing during fracture repair to further the development of translatable cell therapies that may improve outcomes in irradiated reconstruction.

Methods: Isogenic male Lewis rats were divided into three groups: fracture, irradiated fracture, and irradiated fracture with stromal vascular fraction treatment.

Heritability of individualized cortical network topography.

Human cortex is patterned by a complex and interdigitated web of large-scale functional networks. Recent methodological breakthroughs reveal variation in the size, shape, and spatial topography of cortical networks across individuals. While spatial network organization emerges across development, is stable over time, and is predictive of behavior, it is not yet clear to what extent genetic factors underlie interindividual differences in network topography.

Effects of nanofibrillated cellulose hydrogels on adipose tissue extract and hepatocellular carcinoma cell spheroids in freeze-drying.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) hydrogels on two human derivatives during freeze-drying. Native NFC hydrogel is a suitable platform to culture 3D cell spheroids and a hydrogel processed further, called anionic NFC (ANFC) hydrogel, is an excellent platform for controlled release of proteins. Moreover, it has been shown to be compatible with freeze-drying when correct lyoprotectants are implemented.

Functional connectomics of affective and psychotic pathology.

Converging evidence indicates that groups of patients with nominally distinct psychiatric diagnoses are not separated by sharp or discontinuous neurobiological boundaries. In healthy populations, individual differences in behavior are reflected in variability across the collective set of functional brain connections (functional connectome). These data suggest that the spectra of transdiagnostic symptom profiles observed in psychiatric patients may map onto detectable patterns of network function.

Pectin and Mucin Enhance the Bioadhesion of Drug Loaded Nanofibrillated Cellulose Films.

Purpose: Bioadhesion is an important property of biological membranes, that can be utilized in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In this study, we have fabricated mucoadhesive drug releasing films with bio-based, non-toxic and biodegradable polymers that do not require chemical modifications.

Methods: Nanofibrillar cellulose and anionic type nanofibrillar cellulose were used as film forming materials with known mucoadhesive components mucin, pectin and chitosan as functional bioadhesion enhancers.

The Myth of Optimality in Clinical Neuroscience.

Clear evidence supports a dimensional view of psychiatric illness. Within this framework the expression of disorder-relevant phenotypes is often interpreted as a breakdown or departure from normal brain function. Conversely, health is reified, conceptualized as possessing a single ideal state.

Severe piperacillin-tazobactam-induced hemolysis in a cystic fibrosis patient.

Piperacillin-tazobactam is one of the most common causes of drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) and is frequently utilized, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, we report a case of life-threatening piperacillin-tazobactam-associated DIIHA in a 30-year-old woman with CF and propose management recommendations for piperacillin-tazobactam-associated DIIHA in CF patients.

Nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogels and reconstructed hydrogels as matrices for controlled drug release.

Concentrated 3% and 6.5% anionic nanofibrillar cellulose (ANFC) hydrogels were introduced as matrix reservoirs for controlled delivery applications of small molecules and proteins. A further aim was to study how the freeze-drying and subsequent rehydration of ANFC hydrogel affects the rheological properties and drug release of selected model compounds from the reconstructed hydrogels.

Nanofibrillar cellulose-alginate hydrogel coated surgical sutures as cell-carrier systems.

Hydrogel nanomaterials, especially those that are of non-human and non-animal origins, have great potential in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences due to their versatility and inherent soft-tissue like properties. With the ability to simulate native tissue function, hydrogels are potentially well suited for cellular therapy applications. In this study, we have fabricated nanofibrillar cellulose-alginate (NFCA) suture coatings as biomedical devices to help overcome some of the limitations related to cellular therapy, such as low cell survivability and distribution out of target tissue.

A role for proactive control in rapid instructed task learning.

Humans are often remarkably fast at learning novel tasks from instructions. Such rapid instructed task learning (RITL) likely depends upon the formation of new associations between long-term memory representations, which must then be actively maintained to enable successful task implementation. Consequently, we hypothesized that RITL relies more heavily on a proactive mode of cognitive control, in which goal-relevant information is actively maintained in preparation for anticipated high control demands.