Fever plus mitochondrial disease could be risk factors for autistic regression.

Autistic spectrum disorders encompass etiologically heterogeneous persons, with many genetic causes. A subgroup of these individuals has mitochondrial disease. Because a variety of metabolic disorders, including mitochondrial disease show regression with fever, a retrospective chart review was performed and identified 28 patients who met diagnostic criteria for autistic spectrum disorders and mitochondrial disease.

Structures and absolute configurations of sulfate-conjugated triterpenoids including an antifungal chemical defense of the green macroalga Tydemania expeditionis.

Cytotoxicity-guided fractionation of the green macroalga Tydemania expeditionis led to isolation of four sulfate-conjugated triterpenoids including one new lanostane-type triterpenoid disulfate, lanosta-8-en-3,29-diol-23-oxo-3,29-disodium sulfate (1), and three known cycloartane-type triterpenoid disulfates, cycloartan-3,29-diol-23-one 3,29-disodium sulfate (2), cycloart-24-en-3,29-diol-23-one 3,29-disodium sulfate (3), and cycloartan-3,23,29-triol 3,29-disodium sulfate (4). Extensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses in combination with X-ray crystallography established the structure and absolute configuration of 1 and allowed determination of the absolute configurations of 2-4 with a revision of previously assigned configuration at C-5. Each natural product was moderately cytotoxic in tumor cell and invertebrate toxicity assays.