Addressing Transportation Insecurity Improves Attendance at Posthospitalization Appointments.

Background: Transportation influences attendance at posthospitalization appointments (PHAs). In 2017, our pediatric hospital medicine group found that our patients missed 38% of their scheduled PHAs, with several being due to transportation insecurity. To address this, we implemented a quality improvement project to perform inpatient assessment of transportation insecurity and provide mitigation with the goal of improving attendance at PHAs.

Effect on bone health of estrogen preparations in premenopausal women with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

Objective: Because estrogen therapies are widely prescribed for amenorrhea associated with anorexia nervosa (AN), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to estimate the influence of estrogen preparations (EP) on bone mineral density in women with AN.

Method: Prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of EP use to no treatment or placebo on bone mineral density and bone fractures were included. Independent reviewers selected studies for inclusion and extracted study characteristics, markers of methodologic quality, and outcomes for the intention-to-treat population.

Clinical review: treatment of pediatric obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Context: The efficacy of treatments for pediatric obesity remains unclear.

Objective: We performed a systematic review of randomized trials to estimate the efficacy of nonsurgical interventions for pediatric obesity.

Data Sources: Librarian-designed search strategies of nine electronic databases from inception until February 2006, review of reference lists from published reviews, and content expert advice provided potentially eligible studies.

Clinical review: behavioral interventions to prevent childhood obesity: a systematic review and metaanalyses of randomized trials.

Context: The efficacy of lifestyle interventions to encourage healthy lifestyle behaviors to prevent pediatric obesity remains unclear.

Objective: Our objective was to summarize evidence on the efficacy of interventions aimed at changing lifestyle behaviors (increased physical activity, decreased sedentary activity, increased healthy dietary habits, and decreased unhealthy dietary habits) to prevent obesity.

Data Sources: Data sources included librarian-designed searches of nine electronic databases, references from included studies and reviews (from inception until February 2006), and content expert recommendations.

Congenital infections associated with international travel during pregnancy.

With the overall increase in international travel, there is likely to be an increase in travel during pregnancy as well. In developing countries, pregnant women face exposures that can add significant risk for neonatal morbidity and mortality. Infections that can occur in utero or in the early neonatal period include malaria, yellow fever, tuberculosis, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, rubella, typhoid fever, leptospirosis, dengue fever, Helicobacter pylori, and trypanosomiasis.