Using Community Engagement Methods to Guide Study Protocol Decisions for School-Aged Children With Type 1 Diabetes.

Introduction: Many challenges exist in developing multisite protocols for newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes. Our research team engaged community members to increase the likelihood of study success during a planning grant for a longitudinal study aimed at understanding risk and protective factors for neurocognitive function in school-aged children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Two methods were used to obtain caregiver input into study protocol decisions.

Glycemic outcomes of a family-focused intervention for adults with type 2 diabetes: Main, mediated, and subgroup effects from the FAMS 2.0 RCT.

Aims: Family/friend Activation to Motivate Self-care (FAMS) is a self-care support intervention delivered via mobile phones. We evaluated FAMS' effects on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and intervention targets among adults with type 2 diabetes in a 15-month RCT.

Methods: Persons with diabetes (PWDs) were randomized to FAMS or control with their support person (family/friend, optional).

Evaluation of Study Engagement With an mHealth Intervention (THR1VE) to Treat Diabetes Distress in Teens With Type 1 Diabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Positive psychology interventions demonstrate improvements in diabetes self-management and quality of life among adults with chronic health conditions, but few interventions for adolescents use this approach.

Objective: This study describes engagement with a positive psychology intervention delivered via automated SMS text messages aimed at treating diabetes distress and improving diabetes outcomes. In addition, demographic and clinical predictors of intervention engagement were examined.

Detangling Associations Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes Relationship Distress With Adolescents' HbA1c.

Objective: Previous research in families of children with type 1 diabetes demonstrates that maternal depressive symptoms are a known risk factor for poor diabetes outcomes. We sought to examine whether maternal diabetes relationship distress or maternal depressive symptoms were more strongly associated with adolescent glycemic outcomes.

Methods: Analyses were conducted using data from mothers who consented to screen for a behavioral intervention.

Prerandomization withdrawals from a Type 2 diabetes self-care support intervention trial are associated with lack of available support person coparticipant.

Objectives: Dyadic interventions, involving two persons with a preexisting close relationship, offer the opportunity to activate support persons (SPs) to improve health for adults with chronic conditions. Requiring SP coparticipation can challenge recruitment and bias samples; however, the associations between voluntary SP coparticipation and recruitment outcomes across patient characteristics are unknown.

Methods: The Family/Friend Activation to Motivate Self-care 2.

Glycemic outcomes of a family-focused intervention for adults with type 2 diabetes: Main, mediated, and subgroup effects from the FAMS 2.0 RCT.

Aims: Family/friends Activation to Motivate Self-care (FAMS) is a self-care support intervention delivered via mobile phones. We evaluated FAMS effects on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and intervention targets among adults with type 2 diabetes in a 15-month RCT.

Methods: Persons with diabetes (PWDs) and their support persons (family/friend, optional) were randomized to FAMS or control.

Well-being outcomes of a family-focused intervention for persons with type 2 diabetes and support persons: Main, mediated, and subgroup effects from the FAMS 2.0 RCT.

Aims: Type 2 diabetes self-management occurs within social contexts. We sought to test the effects of Family/friends Activation to Motivate Self-care (FAMS), a self-care support intervention delivered via mobile phones, on psychosocial outcomes for persons with diabetes (PWDs) and their support persons.

Methods: PWDs had the option to enroll with a friend/family member as a support person in a 15-month RCT to evaluate FAMS versus enhanced usual care.

Well-being outcomes of a family-focused intervention for persons with type 2 diabetes and support persons: Main, mediated, and subgroup effects from the FAMS 2.0 RCT.

Aims: Type 2 diabetes self-management occurs within social contexts. We sought to test the effects of Family/friend Activation to Motivate Self-care (FAMS), a self-care support intervention delivered via mobile phones, on psychosocial outcomes for persons with diabetes (PWDs) and their support persons.

Methods: PWDs had the option to enroll with a friend/family member as a support person in a 15-month RCT to evaluate FAMS versus enhanced usual care.

Exploring determinants and strategies for implementing self-management support text messaging interventions in safety net clinics.

Background: Text message-delivered interventions for chronic disease self-management have potential to reduce health disparities, yet limited research has explored implementing these interventions into clinical care. We partnered with safety net clinics to evaluate a texting intervention for type 2 diabetes called REACH (Rapid Encouragement/Education And Communications for Health) in a randomized controlled trial. Following evaluation, we explored potential implementation determinants and recommended implementation strategies.

Disparities in mobile phone use among adults with type 2 diabetes participating in clinical trials 2017-2021.

Despite smartphone ownership becoming ubiquitous, it is unclear whether and where disparities persist in experience using health apps. In 2 diverse samples of adults with type 2 diabetes collected 2017-2018 and 2020-2021, we examined adjusted disparities in smartphone ownership and health app use by age, gender, race, education, annual household income, health insurance status, health literacy, and hemoglobin A1c. In the earlier sample ( = 422), 87% owned a smartphone and 49% of those had ever used a health app.

Multimodal neuroimaging in pediatric type 1 diabetes: a pilot multisite feasibility study of acquisition quality, motion, and variability.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects over 200,000 children and is associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. Prior imaging studies suggest the neurological changes underlying this risk are multifactorial, including macrostructural, microstructural, and inflammatory changes. However, these studies have yet to be integrated, limiting investigation into how these phenomena interact.

Rationale, design, and recruitment outcomes for the Family/Friend Activation to Motivate Self-care (FAMS) 2.0 randomized controlled trial among adults with type 2 diabetes and their support persons.

Background: Self-care behaviors help reduce hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and prevent or delay type 2 diabetes (T2D) complications. Individualized interventions that support goal setting and self-monitoring improve self-care and HbA1c in the short-term; engaging family and friends may enhance and/or sustain effects. Family/Friend Activation to Motivate Self-care (FAMS) is a mobile phone-delivered intervention (i.

Demographic and Glycemic Factors Linked With Diabetes Distress in Teens With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Diabetes distress (DD) is a negative emotional response related to the burdens of living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is linked with diabetes outcomes, such as hemoglobin A1c (A1c). Yet, less is known about how other glycemic indicators, average blood glucose and time in range, relate to DD, and which demographic characteristics are associated with higher DD.

Methods: In total, 369 teens (Mage 15.

Pivoting during a pandemic: lessons learned from transitioning a multisite randomized controlled trial to a remote protocol in response to COVID-19.

THR1VE! is an ongoing multisite randomized clinical trial of a positive psychology intervention designed to treat diabetes distress and improve glycemic outcomes in teens with type 1 diabetes. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on clinical research and changes in diabetes clinical care, THR1VE! was adapted from an in-person enrollment protocol to a remote protocol through a series of development and testing strategies. We discuss the process of transitioning the protocol and the demonstrated feasibility of ongoing recruitment, enrollment, and retention outcomes.

Retaining diverse adults with diabetes in a long-term trial: Strategies, successes, and lessons learned.

Background Retention can be difficult in longitudinal trials, especially among minoritized groups and individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) who may experience more barriers to research participation. Organized retention strategies may help; however, limited research has reported on this in detail. Methods We employed several strategies throughout a 15-month randomized controlled trial to encourage retention among a diverse sample of adults with type 2 diabetes.

COVID-19 Severity Is Tripled in the Diabetes Community: A Prospective Analysis of the Pandemic's Impact in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To quantify and contextualize the risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization and illness severity in type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study to identify case subjects with COVID-19 across a regional health care network of 137 service locations. Using an electronic health record query, chart review, and patient contact, we identified clinical factors influencing illness severity.

Effects of a Tailored Text Messaging Intervention Among Diverse Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From the 15-Month REACH Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Text messaging interventions have high potential for scalability and for reductions in health disparities. However, more rigorous, long-term trials are needed. We examined the long-term efficacy and mechanisms of a tailored text messaging intervention.

User Engagement Among Diverse Adults in a 12-Month Text Message-Delivered Diabetes Support Intervention: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Text message-delivered interventions are a feasible and scalable approach for improving chronic disease self-care and reducing health disparities; however, information on long-term user engagement with these interventions is limited.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine user engagement in a 12-month text message-delivered intervention supporting diabetes self-care, called REACH (Rapid Education/Encouragement And Communications for Health), among racially and socioeconomically diverse patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We explored time trends in engagement, associations between patient characteristics and engagement, and whether the addition of a human component or allowing patients to change their text frequency affected engagement.

THR1VE! Positive psychology intervention to treat diabetes distress in teens with type 1 diabetes: Rationale and trial design.

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience high rates of diabetes distress, which negatively influence self-management and glycemic control. Building on effective positive psychology interventions to improve adherence in adults, as well as our pilot work to adapt these interventions for adolescents, we developed a positive psychology intervention for adolescents with T1D. The goal of THR1VE! is to reduce diabetes distress in adolescents with T1D and improve their diabetes outcomes.

Control of Lead Sources in the United States, 1970-2017: Public Health Progress and Current Challenges to Eliminating Lead Exposure.

Context: During the past 45 years, exposure to lead has declined dramatically in the United States. This sustained decline is measured by blood and environmental lead levels and achieved through control of lead sources, emission reductions, federal regulations, and applied public health efforts.

Objective: Explore regulatory factors that contributed to the decrease in exposure to lead among the US population since 1970.

Assessing barriers to diabetes medication adherence using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model.

Aims: Medication nonadherence is a prevalent and costly problem among patients with type 2 diabetes. Applications of theory can inform and improve adherence promotion interventions. We used a new assessment based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model of adherence to assess patient-reported barriers and test the theoretical model.

Increasing leaf temperature reduces the suppression of isoprene emission by elevated CO₂ concentration.

Including algorithms to account for the suppression of isoprene emission by elevated CO2 concentration affects estimates of global isoprene emission for future climate change scenarios. In this study, leaf-level measurements of isoprene emission were made to determine the short-term interactive effect of leaf temperature and CO2 concentration. For both greenhouse plants and plants grown under field conditions, the suppression of isoprene emission was reduced by increasing leaf temperature.