Evolving Concepts in Pathophysiology, Screening, and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes: Report of Diabetes Mellitus Interagency Coordinating Committee Workshop.

The approval of teplizumab to delay the onset of type 1 diabetes is an important inflection point in the decades-long pursuit to treat the cause of the disease rather than its symptoms. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases convened a workshop of the Diabetes Mellitus Interagency Coordinating Committee titled "Evolving Concepts in Pathophysiology, Screening, and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes" to review this accomplishment and identify future goals. Speakers representing Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet (TrialNet) and the Immune Tolerance Network emphasized that the ability to robustly identify individuals destined to develop type 1 diabetes was essential for clinical trials.

Zonulin as a potential putative biomarker of risk for shared type 1 diabetes and celiac disease autoimmunity.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing annually, in addition to other childhood-onset autoimmune diseases. This review is inspired by recent strides in research defining the pathophysiology of autoimmunity in celiac disease, a disease that has significant genetic overlap with T1D. Population genetic studies have demonstrated an increased proportion of newly diagnosed young children with T1D also have a higher genetic risk of celiac disease, suggesting that shared environmental risk factors are driving the incidence of both diseases.

Low Risk of Adrenal Insufficiency After Use of Low- to Moderate-Potency Topical Corticosteroids for Children With Atopic Dermatitis.

Our objective was to assess the risk of adrenal insufficiency (AI) with short-term use of low- to moderate-potency topical corticosteroids (TCS) for treatment of atopic dermatitis. Our systematic literature search revealed 9 studies (n = 371) that evaluated AI using adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation testing, with measures of serum cortisol levels at baseline and following at least 2 weeks of TCS application. Biochemical AI was defined by a stimulated cortisol level of ≤18.

Dyslipidaemia and statin use in individuals aged 10 to <40 years in the T1D Exchange clinic registry.

For individuals aged 10 to <40 years with type 1 diabetes and dyslipidaemia, US national guidelines recommend consideration of statin therapy based on age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level and other cardiovascular risk factors. We evaluated dyslipidaemia prevalence, statin therapy use, and associations between not meeting target LDL-C [<100 mg/dL (<5.55 mmol/L)] and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in individuals aged 10 to <40 years in the T1D Exchange clinic registry.

Evaluation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Suppression following Cutaneous Use of Topical Corticosteroids in Children: A Meta-Analysis.

Background/aims: A meta-analysis was performed to determine the likelihood of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression following short-term cutaneous treatment of atopic dermatitis with topical corticosteroids (TCS) in pediatric patients.

Methods: All published pediatric clinical trials evaluating TCS use with pre- and post-treatment HPA axis assessment by cosyntropin stimulation testing were included.

Results: Of 128 eligible trials, 12 were selected for meta-analysis with a total of 522 participants.