Evaluation of Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive Glue Application Outcomes in Corneal Thinning and Perforation.

Objectives: Corneal thinning and perforation are ocular emergencies necessitating urgent intervention to prevent visual impairment or enucleation. Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive is frequently used to maintain globe integrity in these cases. However, gaps remain in understanding the outcomes of corneal gluing and the factors influencing its efficacy.

Open Globe Injuries: Review of Evaluation, Management, and Surgical Pearls.

Ocular trauma may either be closed globe or open globe. Open globe injuries are full-thickness defects of the eyewall and are often differentiated by the mechanisms of injury from which they are caused: sharp or blunt trauma. They are ocular emergencies and can lead to substantial visual morbidity.

Reticular epithelial edema after penetrating keratoplasty in a patient taking netarsudil.

Netarsudil is a relatively new medication for the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It has been associated with red eyes and burning after instillation. Reticular epitheliopathy is a relatively rare complication of netarsudil that has been described in patients with preexisting corneal edema.

Therapy for contact lens-related ulcers.

Purpose Of Review: The current review covers the current literature and practice patterns of antimicrobial therapy for contact lens-related microbial keratitis (CLMK). Although the majority of corneal ulcers are bacterial, fungus and acanthamoeba are substantial contributors in CLMK and are harder to treat due to the lack of commercially available topical medications and low efficacy of available topical therapy.

Recent Findings: Topical antimicrobials remain the mainstay of therapy for corneal ulcers.

Emergence of ocular toxicities associated with novel anticancer therapeutics: What the oncologist needs to know.

As cancer treatment evolves in the era of precision oncology, molecularly targeted agents (MTAs) have become frontline therapy for many cancers. MTAs are biologically targeted and thought to have less off-target toxicity; however, the eye is particularly susceptible to off-target toxicities given its unique microenvironment. In this review, we present commonly used FDA-approved MTAs, any associated ocular toxicities and review the mechanisms, frequency, severity, and management.

Rate of Posterior Capsule Rupture in Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery by Residents with Institution of a Wet Laboratory Course.

 To determine if a structured surgical wet laboratory curriculum for ophthalmology residents reduced the rate of posterior capsule rupture (PCR) in phacoemulsification cataract surgery.  James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL.

Diseases of the corneal endothelium.

The corneal endothelial monolayer and associated Descemet's membrane (DM) complex is a unique structure that plays an essential role in corneal function. Endothelial cells are neural crest derived cells that rest on a special extracellular matrix and play a major role in maintaining stromal hydration within a narrow physiologic range necessary for clear vision. A number of diseases affect the endothelial cells and DM complex and can impair corneal function and vision.

Endothelial-Stromal Communication in Murine and Human Corneas.

The purpose of this study is to identify and characterize interactions of corneal endothelial cells with the posterior stroma. Corneal endothelial-stromal interactions were examined in developing postnatal day 3 (P3) and mature postnatal day 30 (P30) C57BL/6 mice and adult human corneas. Flat mounts and cross-sections were studied using immunofluorescence microscopy.

Widespread Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia Treated with Topical Interferon Alpha-2b.

Purpose: To emphasize the importance of staging ocular surface squamous neoplasia when contemplating use of topical interferon alpha-2b alone.

Cases: Two patients with 360 degrees of limbal involvement.

Results: Two patients with in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva and clinical involvement of the entire limbus were treated with topical interferon alpha-2b.

Occult Fungal Scleritis.

Purpose: To heighten awareness of occult fungal scleritis.

Method: Case report and review of the literature.

Results: A 73-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was diagnosed for 3 months with immune-mediated scleritis and subsequently treated with corticosteroids.

Rapidly progressing glaucoma associated with monoclonal gammopathy.

A 63 year old woman with surgically controlled primary open-angle glaucoma developed sudden visual field deterioration and subjective visual loss despite stable intraocular pressure in both eyes. An extensive systemic workup was performed which revealed a diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Further work-up should be considered when the extent of a patient's vision changes is not consistent with a known preexisting disease such as glaucoma.

HIV-1 Vif promotes the G₁- to S-phase cell-cycle transition.

HIV-1 depends on host-cell resources for replication, access to which may be limited to a particular phase of the cell cycle. The HIV-encoded proteins Vpr (viral protein R) and Vif (viral infectivity factor) arrest cells in the G₂ phase; however, alteration of other cell-cycle phases has not been reported. We show that Vif drives cells out of G₁ and into the S phase.